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Table 2 Symptom severity of patients with symptoms of gastroparesis (PAGI-SYM, GCSI, HADS)

From: A cross-sectional study describing peripheral neuropathy in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis: associations with etiology, gastrointestinal symptoms, and gastric emptying

 

All

Idiopathic

Diabetic

Post-Surgical

n = 250

n = 148

n = 61

n = 32

PN

nPN

 

PN

nPN

 

PN

nPN

 

PN

nPN

 

n = 70

n = 180

p value

n = 22

n = 126

p value

n = 33

n = 28

p value

n = 11

n = 21

p value

HADS Score- Anxietya

8.28 ± 4.26

6.76 ± 4.38

0.007*

8.75 ± 4.77

6.65 ± 4.43

0.034*

8.74 ± 3.83

7.11 ± 4.16

0.084

6.91 ± 4.44

7.45 ± 4.39

0.812

n no case of anxiety (%)

31 (44%)

114 (63%)

0.006*

7 (32%)

80 (63%)

0.005*

14 (42%)

16 (57%)

0.787

7 (64%)

14 (67%)

0.864

n borderline/abnormal anxiety (%)

39 (56%)

66 (37%)

15 (68%)

46 (37%)

19 (58%)

12 (43%)

4 (36%)

7 (33%)

HADS Score- Depressiona

8.11 ± 4.26

6.27 ± 4.75

0.002*

6.82 ± 4.28

5.91 ± 4.42

0.305

8.67 ± 4.26

7.39 ± 4.65

0.187

8.77 ± 3.84

7.88 ± 6.43

0.525

n no case of depression (%)

32 (46%)

114 (63%)

0.011*

12 (55%)

81 (64%)

0.383

13 (39%)

17 (61%)

0.097

6 (55%)

11 (52%)

0.907

n borderline/abnormal depression (%)

38 (54%)

66 (37%)

10 (45%)

45 (36%)

20 (61%)

11 (39%)

5 (45%)

10 (48%)

GCSI Scoreb,d

3.40 ± 1.02

2.98 ± 0.97

 < 0.005*

3.70 ± 0.83

2.88 ± 0.98

 < 0.005*

3.28 ± 1.07

3.17 ± 0.94

0.452

3.31 ± 1.32

3.23 ± 0.94

0.475

PAGI-SYM Total Scorec,d

3.12 ± 0.99

2.58 ± 0.93

 < 0.005*

3.50 ± 0.72

2.53 ± 0.94

 < 0.005*

2.91 ± 1.06

2.70 ± 0.87

0.167

3.02 ± 1.26

2.74 ± 0.97

0.275

Gastrointestinal Symptom Details

 Nausea

3.67 ± 1.32

3.39 ± 1.44

0.170

3.95 ± 1.13

3.38 ± 1.37

0.057

3.65 ± 1.43

3.43 ± 1.45

0.478

3.32 ± 1.49

3.29 ± 1.85

0.744

 Retching

2.60 ± 1.62

2.12 ± 1.76

0.052

2.95 ± 1.76

2.04 ± 1.71

0.020*

2.66 ± 1.54

2.25 ± 1.88

0.481

2.05 ± 1.52

2.00 ± 1.95

0.984

 Vomiting

2.75 ± 1.82

2.19 ± 1.92

0.035*

2.76 ± 1.87

2.07 ± 1.91

0.105

2.94 ± 1.80

2.18 ± 2.00

0.122

2.59 ± 1.93

2.63 ± 1.91

0.888

 Stomach Fullness

3.71 ± 1.44

3.57 ± 1.29

0.219

3.95 ± 1.29

3.43 ± 1.34

0.051

3.48 ± 1.56

3.57 ± 1.20

0.791

3.96 ± 1.55

4.24 ± 0.94

0.862

 Feeling excessively full

3.98 ± 1.25

3.68 ± 1.43

0.107

4.14 ± 1.13

3.54 ± 1.55

0.089

3.86 ± 1.38

3.74 ± 1.17

0.382

4.09 ± 1.22

4.27 ± 0.85

0.881

 Not able to finish a meal

3.69 ± 1.41

3.59 ± 1.49

0.692

3.77 ± 1.41

3.61 ± 1.49

0.682

3.41 ± 1.48

3.29 ± 1.46

0.689

4.27 ± 1.27

4.05 ± 1.20

0.460

 Loss of appetite

3.52 ± 1.41

3.20 ± 1.63

0.215

3.77 ± 1.38

3.22 ± 1.60

0.618

3.42 ± 1.32

2.82 ± 1.66

0.15

3.64 ± 1.57

3.76 ± 1.64

0.658

 Bloating

3.63 ± 1.49

3.12 ± 1.56

0.007*

4.05 ± 1.17

2.99 ± 1.61

0.002*

3.36 ± 1.64

3.57 ± 1.37

0.892

3.55 ± 1.69

3.40 ± 1.36

0.541

 Abdominal distension

3.37 ± 1.68

2.64 ± 1.67

 < 0.005*

3.86 ± 1.49

2.45 ± 1.68

 < 0.005*

3.08 ± 1.70

3.50 ± 1.45

0.372

3.30 ± 1.69

2.52 ± 1.57

0.154

 Upper abdominal pain

3.27 ± 1.55

2.70 ± 1.79

0.029*

3.64 ± 1.22

2.71 ± 1.78

0.030*

2.97 ± 1.74

2.96 ± 1.88

0.900

3.27 ± 1.68

2.48 ± 1.57

0.147

 Upper abdominal discomfort

3.32 ± 1.50

2.97 ± 1.65

0.156

3.50 ± 1.37

3.00 ± 1.63

0.213

3.17 ± 1.61

3.04 ± 1.71

0.830

3.27 ± 1.68

2.81 ± 1.54

0.362

 Lower abdominal pain

2.93 ± 1.60

1.84 ± 1.49

 < 0.005*

3.75 ± 1.21

1.83 ± 1.44

 < 0.005*

2.38 ± 1.61

1.93 ± 1.61

0.279

3.00 ± 1.79

1.95 ± 1.66

0.107

 Lower abdominal discomfort

3.05 ± 1.56

1.98 ± 1.51

 < 0.005*

3.75 ± 1.21

1.95 ± 1.45

 < 0.005*

2.67 ± 1.61

2.04 ± 1.57

0.119

3.00 ± 1.79

2.35 ± 1.77

0.315

 Heartburn during the day

2.06 ± 1.54

1.97 ± 1.63

0.684

2.09 ± 1.69

2.00 ± 1.58

0.866

2.00 ± 1.48

1.79 ± 1.69

0.579

2.18 ± 1.60

1.86 ± 1.71

0.569

 Recumbent heartburn

1.94 ± 1.68

1.96 ± 1.70

0.987

1.82 ± 1.62

1.97 ± 1.63

0.680

1.94 ± 1.64

1.57 ± 1.81

0.294

2.00 ± 2.00

2.19 ± 1.75

0.745

 Daytime chest discomfort

2.19 ± 1.50

1.51 ± 1.49

0.001*

2.45 ± 1.41

1.50 ± 1.50

0.008*

2.18 ± 1.55

1.32 ± 1.47

0.023*

1.64 ± 1.50

1.67 ± 1.28

0.889

 Recumbent chest discomfort

2.09 ± 1.47

1.41 ± 1.56

 < 0.005*

2.14 ± 1.28

1.41 ± 1.57

0.020*

2.06 ± 1.52

1.07 ± 1.51

0.007*

1.73 ± 1.68

1.71 ± 1.42

0.919

 Daytime reflux

2.46 ± 1.72

2.09 ± 1.73

0.127

3.45 ± 1.44

2.13 ± 1.70

0.001*

1.94 ± 1.73

2.14 ± 1.60

0.605

1.82 ± 1.60

1.95 ± 1.83

0.920

 Nighttime reflux

2.30 ± 1.71

2.10 ± 1.73

0.337

3.14 ± 1.67

2.08 ± 1.70

0.006*

1.76 ± 1.58

1.89 ± 1.64

0.796

2.09 ± 1.81

2.57 ± 1.94

0.493

 Bitter taste

2.37 ± 1.63

1.96 ± 1.63

0.068

3.18 ± 1.37

1.93 ± 1.65

0.001*

2.12 ± 1.67

2.04 ± 1.43

0.848

1.91 ± 1.58

1.86 ± 1.62

0.887

  1. aHADS scoring is based on 0–7 (no case), 8–10 (borderline abnormal), 11–21 (abnormal)
  2. bGCSI includes nausea, retching, vomiting, stomach fullness, feeling excessively full, not able to finish a meal, loss of appetite, bloating, and abdominal distension
  3. cPAGI-SYM includes these symptoms as well as upper/lower abdominal pain/discomfort, heartburn, chest discomfort, reflux, and bitter taste
  4. dScoring for GCSI, PAGI-SYM is based on numerical correlations: 0 = none, 1 = very mild, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe