Variables | Null model | Intermediate model | Coefficient model | Cross-level interaction model |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age of children in months | ||||
 24–36 months |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 37–48 months |  | 2.16 (1.02, 4.58)* | 2.18 (1.01, 4.68)* | 2.15 (1.01, 4.58)* |
 49–59 months |  | 1.46 (0.69, 3.06) | 1.63 (0.76, 3.49) | 1.45 (0.69, 3.05) |
Mothers or care givers kept finger nails short and clean | ||||
 Yes |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 No |  | 1.93 (1.04, 3.57)* | 1.98 (1.07, 3.66)* | 1.99 (1.07, 3.69)* |
Children kept finger nails short and clean | ||||
 Yes |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 No |  | 3.15 (1.75, 5.69)*** | 3.20 (1.77, 5.77)*** | 3.24 (1.79, 5.85)*** |
Mouthing of soil contaminated materials | ||||
 Yes |  | 2.21 (1.21, 4.02)** | 2.31 (1.26, 4.24)** | 2.30 (1.26, 4.18)** |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Defecation practice of households | ||||
 Open field |  | 2.18 (1.18, 4.01)* | 2.22 (1.20, 4.10)* | 2.31 (1.24, 4.30)** |
 Latrine |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Animal excreta in the living environment | ||||
Yes | Â | 1.52 (0.81, 2.83) | 1.64 (0.87, 3.11) | 1.54 (0.82, 2.88) |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Volume of water a family collected per day | ||||
  < 20 l/c/d |  | 2.47 (1.18, 5.18)* | 2.38 (1.13, 5.01)* | 2.52 (1.21, 5.26)* |
 \(\ge\) 20 l/c/d |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
E. coli detected in courtyard soil samples | ||||
 Yes |  | 2.52 (1.31, 483)** | 2.56 (1.34, 4.90)** | 2.48 (1.29, 4.75)** |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 |  |
E. coli detected in ready-to-eat food samples | ||||
 Yes |  | 3.09 (1.65, 5.79)*** | 3.21(1.69, 6.09)*** | 3.17 (1.68, 5.98)*** |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
E. coli detected in drinking water samples | ||||
 Yes |  | 2.51 (1.31, 4.80)** | 1.88 (0.68, 5.22) | 5.30 (1.89, 14.85)** |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Vectors observed in the food storage areas | ||||
 Yes |  | 1.09 (0.60, 1.98) | 1.12 (0.62, 2.03) | 1.14 (0.62, 2.07) |
 No |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Drinking water sources (2nd level predictor) | ||||
 Protected |  | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Unprotected |  | 1.81 (0.37, 8.82) | 0.70 (0.22, 2.19) | 1.26 (0.26, 5.97) |
Drinking water source*E. coli detected in water samples at point of use | ||||
 Protected*No |  |  |  | 1.0 |
 Unprotected*Yes |  |  |  | 3.83 (1.01, 14.46)* |
Random effects | ||||
Coefficient variance (SE) | Â | Â | 0.15 (0.65) | Â |
Community level variance (SE) | 2.03 (1.05) | 2.35 (1.30) | 2.14 (2.24) | 2.13 (1.20) |
Covariance (SE) |  |  | − 0.56 (1.51) |  |
Log-likelihood | 58.31 (p < 0.001) | 33.36 (p < 0.001) | 37.81 (p < 0.001) | 29.33 (p < 0.001) |
ICC | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 0.39 |
AIC | 460.71 | 392.46 | 392 | 390.38 |