Table 2 Baseline characteristics compared between the home-based exercise training and control groups
Characteristics | HoBET (n = 20) | Control (n = 20) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 55.6 ± 8.9 | 57.1 ± 6.7 | 0.56 |
Male gender, n (%) | 15 (75%) | 11 (55%) | 0.18 |
Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | |||
 Hepatitis B infection | 11 (55%) | 8 (40%) | 0.34 |
 Hepatitis C infection | 7 (35%) | 11 (55%) | 0.20 |
 Alcohol | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | 1.00 |
 Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
Severity of liver disease | |||
 MELD, mean ± SD | 7.95 ± 1.5 | 7.95 ± 1.3 | 1.00 |
 CTP score, median (range) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 1.00 |
History of small EV, n (%) | 2 (10%) | 4 (20%) | 0.66 |
History of previous EV bleeding, n (%) | 1 (5%) | 2 (10%) | 1.00 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | 0.92 |
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 91.3 ± 8.0 | 90 ± 7.4 | 0.61 |
%Fat, mean ± SD | 24.6 ± 7.0 | 29.1 ± 9.1 | 0.09 |
Muscle mass (kg), mean ± SD | 50.8 ± 7.6 | 44.4 ± 7.5 | 0.01 |
Laboratory results, mean ± SD | |||
 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 111.9 ± 25 | 106.1 ± 35.7 | 0.56 |
 Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 174.1 ± 22.8 | 172.4 ± 32.2 | 0.85 |
 LDL-C (mg/dL) | 101.7 ± 21.4 | 100.3 ± 32.8 | 0.88 |
 Hb (g/dl) | 14.6 ± 1.4 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 0.01 |
 Platelet count (X109/L) | 169 ± 80 | 146 ± 45 | 0.27 |
 Albumin (g/dl) | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.85 |
 Total bilirubin (mg/dl), median (range) | 0.72 (0.6–0.9) | 0.63 (0.4–0.9) | 0.21 |
 ALT (U/L), median (range) | 25 (22–49) | 27 (20–37) | 0.53 |
 International normalized ratio (INR) | 1.1 ± 0.08 | 1.1 ± 0.09 | 0.55 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.43 |
6-min walk test (meters), mean ± SD | 479.8 ± 61.1 | 470.6 ± 80 | 0.69 |
Transient elastography, mean ± SD | |||
 Liver stiffness (kPa) | 14.0 ± 9.6 | 16.6 ± 9.2 | 0.39 |
 CAP (dB/m) | 235.3 ± 44.3 | 229.3 ± 47.9 | 0.69 |
 Spleen stiffness (kPa) | 25.8 ± 16.2 | 33.7 ± 25.9 | 0.64 |
Thigh muscle mass, mean ± SD | |||
 Thigh circumference (cm) | 49.2 ± 3.4 | 48.3 ± 4.7 | 0.49 |
 Average feather index (cm/m2) | 0.82 ± 0.16 | 0.86 ± 0.26 | 0.61 |
 Average compression index (cm/m2) | 0.62 ± 0.12 | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.35 |
Quality of life, mean ± SD | |||
 Abdominal symptoms domain | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 0.17 |
 Fatigue domain | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.29 |
 Systemic symptoms domain | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 0.045 |
 Activity domain | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 0.18 |
 Emotional function domain | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 0.15 |
 Worry domain | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 0.14 |
 Average CLDQ score | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 0.43 |