Table 1 Detailed The clinical characteristics of all 53 patients underwent EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy

Male gender, n (%)

38 (71.70%)

Age, mean [range]

74.66 [56–89]

Biliary obstruction cause, n (%)

 Pancreatic cancer

19 (35.8%)

 Cholangiocarcinoma

14 (26.4%)

 Gallbladder cancer

6 (11.3%)

 Hepatocellular carcinoma

3 (5.7%)

 Major duodenal papillary cancer

6 (11.3%)

 Duodenal cancer

1 (1.9%)

 Metastatic colorectal cancer

2 (3.8%)

 Metastatic breast cancer

1 (1.9%)

 Metastatic cancer of unknown origin

1 (1.9%)

Ascites, n (%)

11 (20.75%)

Liver metastases, n (%)

14 (26.42%)

Suppurative cholangitis, n (%)

21 (39.62%)

Reason for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy., n (%)

 Duodenal obstruction

25 (47.18%)

 Periampullary tumor infiltration

23 (43.39%)

 Failed biliary cannulation

5 (9.43%)