Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | (N = 421) |
|---|---|
Age | 67.0 (59.0–73.0) |
Sex | |
Male | 251 (59.6%) |
Female | 170 (40.4%) |
Etiology of MBO | |
Biliary tract | 184 (43.7%) |
Pancreas | 150 (35.6%) |
Upper GI tract | 35 (8.3%) |
Lower GI tract | 21 (5.0%) |
Lung | 10 (2.4%) |
Genitourinary tract | 8 (1.9%) |
Breast | 6 (1.4%) |
Liver | 5 (1.2%) |
Others | 2 (0.5%) |
Underlying disease | |
Hypertension | 192 (45.6%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 99 (23.5%) |
Cardiovascular disease | 32 (7.6%) |
Chronic liver disease | 26 (6.2%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (1.2%) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (2.4%) |
Primary MBO | 341 (81.0%) |
Cholangitis severitya | |
Mild | 86 (20.4%) |
Moderate | 289 (68.6%) |
Severe | 46 (10.9%) |
Previous upper GI surgery | 15 (3.6%) |
Initial laboratory findings | |
White blood cell, 103/µL | 8.0 ± 3.8 |
Platelet, 103/μL | 245.2 ± 103.1 |
CRP, mg/dL | 5.8 ± 5.7 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.6 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.2 ± 0.5 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 7.9 ± 6.4 |
AST, IU/L | 122.1 ± 138.9 |
ALT, IU/L | 146.8 ± 134.5 |
ALP, IU/L | 461.4 ± 306.0 |
GGT, IU/L | 674.7 ± 518.8 |
PT (INR) | 1.1 ± 0.2 |