Prevention and management of diarrhea associated with naldemedine among patients receiving opioids: a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Category	Subcategory	Early group	Late group	Total
Total		26	72	98
Median age (range), y		66 (23–84)	70 (33–87)	68 (23–87)
Sex	Female	10	37	47
Sex	Male	16	35	51
ECOG-PS	1	10	13	23
	2	3	22	25
	3	7	24	31
	4	6	13	19
Primary site of cancer*	Lung	5	16	21
	Colorectum	5	13	18
	Pancreas	3	12	15
	Head & neck	0	6	6
	Uterus	2	3	5
	Ovary	0	5	5
	Other	11	20	31
Median number of distant metastases (range)		2 (0–5)	2 (0–6)	2 (0–6)
Dietary intake^†	0–10%	3	15	18
	20–40%	8	18	26
	50–70%	5	12	17
	80–100%	10	20	30
BMI^‡	> 25	6	14	20
	18.5–25	17	37	54
	< 18.5	3	18	21
Prescribed opioid	Morphine	4	9	13
	Oxycodone	16	43	59
	Fentanyl	4	14	18
	Other^§	2	6	8
Median oral morphine equivalent dose (range), mg/day		19.5 (10–72)	42.5 (5–480)	30 (5–480)
Target symptom of opioid	Pain	23	67	90
Target symptom of opioid	Dyspnea	3	5	8
Median number of laxatives (range)		0 (0–2)	1 (0–3)	1 (0–3)

BMI body mass index; ECOG-PS Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
*Three patients in the late group had two types of cancer. ^†Dietary intake was not assessed in seven patients of the late group. ^‡BMI was not assessed in three patients of the late group. ^§Other opioids: tramadol (n = 3 in the late group), hydromorphone (n = 2 in the early group), codeine (n = 2 in the late group), and methadone (n = 1 in the late group)

ISSN: 1471-230X