Table 4 Multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who had liver metastasis
Variables | OS | CSS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age | ||||
< 40 | Reference | Reference | ||
40–59 | 2.96 (0.93–9.47) | 0.067 | 3.71 (0.90–15.3) | 0.070 |
60–79 | 6.86 (2.18–21.6) | 0.001 | 8.70 (2.14–35.3) | 0.002 |
≥ 80 | 10.1 (3.09–33.3) | < 0.001 | 11.8 (2.78–50.2) | 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried | Reference | Reference | ||
Married | 0.82 (0.63–1.08) | 0.153 | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.203 |
Unknown | 0.81 (0.45–1.47) | 0.490 | 0.83 (0.44–1.59) | 0.574 |
Primary site | ||||
Duodenum | Reference | Reference | ||
Jejunum | 0.39 (0.17–0.91) | 0.030 | 0.37 (0.15–0.92) | 0.032 |
Ileum | 0.43 (0.28–0.67) | < 0.001 | 0.37 (0.23–0.59) | < 0.001 |
Other sitea | 0.47 (0.11–2.00) | 0.309 | 0.26 (0.04–1.95) | 0.191 |
Unknown | 0.54 (0.35–0.82) | 0.004 | 0.47 (0.30–0.73) | 0.001 |
Grade | ||||
I | Reference | Reference | ||
II | 1.14 (0.75–1.74) | 0.540 | 1.13 (0.70–1.82) | 0.621 |
III | 5.73 (3.22–10.2) | < 0.001 | 5.32 (2.81–10.1) | < 0.001 |
IV | 8.46 (3.81–18.8) | < 0.001 | 10.1 (4.50–22.8) | < 0.001 |
Unknown | 1.98 (1.46–2.70) | < 0.001 | 1.97 (1.40–2.78) | < 0.001 |
N stage | ||||
N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
N1 | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.066 | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 0.098 |
N2 | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.107 | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.070 |
Unknown | 1.20 (0.79–1.83) | 0.382 | 1.31 (0.84–2.05) | 0.235 |
Extrahepatic metastatic sites to bone, lung, and brain, No | ||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||
1 | 2.07 (1.36–3.15) | 0.001 | 2.32 (1.49–3.61) | < 0.001 |
2 | 1.13 (0.73–1.74) | 0.590 | 0.99 (0.39–2.42) | 0.961 |
Unknown | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.283 | 0.52 (0.30–1.84) | 0.743 |