Table 1 Demographics of study population. Median (IQR) or frequencies n (%) are shown with p-values for the group differences based on Mann-Whitney U test (a), Chi-square test (b) or Fisher’s exact test (c)
Non-ACLF n = 55 | ACLF n = 22 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 59.0 (14.0) | 56.0 (13.0) | 0.42a |
Male | 37 (67.3%) | 13 (59.1%) | 0.50b |
Etiology | |||
HCV | 6 (10.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0.72c |
HBV | 5 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | |
Alcohol | 28 (50.9%) | 16 (72.7%) | |
Autoimmune | 5 (9.1%) | 1 (4.5%) | |
NASH | 3 (5.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
others | 8 (14.5%) | 2 (9.1%) | |
Ascites grade ≥ 2 | 19 (34.5%) | 19 (86.4%) | < 0.0001b |
HE grade > 2 | 2 (3.6%) | 9 (40.9%) | < 0.0001c |
MELD score | 11.0 (6.0) | 25.5 (12.0) | < 0.0001a |
MELD-Na+ score | 12.0 (17.0) | 26.0 (10.3) | < 0.0001a |
Child-Pugh score | 2.0 (1.0) | 12.0 (3.25) | < 0.0001a |
Child-Pugh class | |||
A | 23 (41.8%) | 1 (4.5%) | < 0.0001c |
B | 20 (36.4%) | 3 (13.6%) | |
C | 12 (1.8%) | 18 (81.8%) | |
ACLF grade at admission | |||
0 | 55 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.0001c |
1 | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (36.4%) | |
2 | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (45.5%) | |
3 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | |
Bleeding events | 3 (5.5%) | 9 (40.9%) | < 0.0001c |
Variceal bleeding | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.21c |
Upper GI-bleeding | 2 (3.6%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Lower GI-bleeding | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Hematuria | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Spontaneous abdominal bleeding | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Infectious disease | 9 (16.4%) | 14 (63.6%) | < 0.0001c |
Pneumonia | 3 (5.5%) | 6 (27.3%) | 0.82c |
Urinary tract infection | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (9.1%) | |
Bacterial peritonitis | 1 (1.8%) | 3 (13.6%) | |
Others/unknown | 5 (9.1%) | 4 (18.2%) | |
Sepsis | 0 (9.1%) | 5 (22.7%) | < 0.001c |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 25 (45.5%) | 1 (4.5%) | < 0.0001c |
Admission and Mortality | |||
ICU admission | 7 (12.7%) | 19 (86.4%) | < 0.0001c |
Length of ICU admission (d) | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.5 (9.3) | < 0.0001a |
Length of hospital admission (d) | 6.0 (7.0) | 17.0 (29.8) | < 0.0001a |
Survived ICU | 7 (100%) | 12 (63.2%) | < 0.0001c |
Survived hospital stay | 55 (100%) | 15 (68.2%) | < 0.0001b |