Fig. 3

Canonical correspondence analysis (Canoco 4.5 CCA) of the effects of different factors. a Ordination diagram of canonical correspondence analysis exhibits bacterial species and environmental variables and primary diseases (arrows). b Influence of environmental variables and primary diseases on samples, which plotted on the same axes as the first panel. Axis 1 explains 42.9% of the variation, whereas axis 2 explains an additional 19.3%. HD: Hirschsprung’s disease; MP: meconium peritonitis; NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis; DAW: duration of antibiotic withdrawal, BF: breastfeeding; PN: parenteral nutrition; RIL: residual intestinal length