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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of psychiatric patients with and without liver-related events

From: High incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic complications in patients with psychiatric illness: a territory-wide cohort study

Baseline characteristics

All

No liver-related events

Liver-related events

P value

N

105,763

104,302

1461

 

Male gender (n, %)

42,149 (39.9)

41,186 (39.5)

963 (65.9)

< 0.001

Age (years)

43.0 ± 13.0

42.8 ± 13.0

52.6 ± 10.9

< 0.001

Platelet (× 109/L)

263.5 ± 75.2

264.3 ± 74.3

217.9 ± 106.3

< 0.001

Missing (%)

27.5

27.8

11.0

 

Albumin (g/L)

42.5 ± 4.6

42.6 ± 4.5

38.0 ± 6.6

< 0.001

Missing (%)

22.3

22.5

6.8

 

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

11.0 ± 8.4

10.9 ± 7.7

18.0 ± 26.8

< 0.001

Missing (%)

22.4

22.6

6.8

 

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

18.0 (13.0–27.0)

18.0 (13.0–27.0)

30.0 (18.0–52.0)

< 0.001

Missing (%)

22.3

22.6

6.8

 

Creatinine (μmol/L)

78.7 ± 56.0

77.5 ± 47.0

151.5 ± 230.6

< 0.001

Missing (%)

21.1

21.3

6.5

 

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 ± 2.1

5.8 ± 2.1

6.7 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Missing (%)

65.1

65.4

44.8

 

HbA1c (%)

7.0 ± 2.0

7.0 ± 2.0

7.3 ± 2.2

0.008

Missing (%)

88.3

88.6

68.7

 

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 1.1

5.1 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 1.3

< 0.001

Missing (%)

67.2

67.5

48.2

 

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.5

0.010

Missing (%)

70.9

71.1

54.9

 

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.1 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.1

< 0.001

Missing (%)

71.1

71.3

55.8

 

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 1.5

1.6 ± 1.5

1.8 ± 1.7

0.023

Missing (%)

67.5

67.8

48.9

 

Liver disease (n, %)

8256 (7.8)

7364 (7.1)

892 (61.1)

< 0.001

 Chronic hepatitis B

5028 (4.8)

4578 (4.4)

450 (30.8)

< 0.001

 Chronic hepatitis C

1807 (1.7)

1608 (1.5)

199 (13.6)

< 0.001

 Alcohol-related liver disease

807 (0.8)

498 (0.5)

309 (21.1)

< 0.001

 Fatty liver

1110 (1.0)

943 (0.9)

167 (11.4)

< 0.001

 Others

207 (0.2)

169 (0.2)

38 (2.6)

< 0.001

Medication during follow-up (n, %)

 Hypnotics and Anxiolytics

70,863 (67.0)

69,835 (67.0)

1028 (70.4)

0.006

 Antipsychotics

42,090 (39.8)

41,462 (39.8)

628 (43.0)

0.012

Antidepressants (n, %)

− SNRI

8451 (8.0)

8410 (8.1)

41 (2.8)

< 0.001

− SSRI

46,438 (43.9)

45,985 (44.1)

453 (31.0)

< 0.001

− TCA

29,524 (27.9)

29,206 (28.0)

318 (21.8)

< 0.001

− Others

28,019 (26.5)

27,713 (26.6)

306 (20.9)

< 0.001

Anti-HBV treatment (n, %)a

1404 (27.9)

1126 (24.6)

278 (61.8)

< 0.001

Anti-HCV treatment (n, %)b

38 (2.1)

31 (1.9)

7 (3.5)

0.182

Follow-up duration (years)

12.4 (11.0–13.7)

12.5 (11.1–13.7)

5.3 (2.4–8.9)

< 0.001

  1. Alanine aminotransferase and follow-up duration were expressed in median (interquartile range), whereas other continuous variables were expressed in mean ± standard deviation. Qualitative and quantitative differences between subgroups were analyzed by chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical parameters and Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous parameters, as appropriate
  2. a Percentage calculated among patients with chronic hepatitis B
  3. b Percentage calculated among patients with chronic hepatitis C
  4. HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, SNRI Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, TCA Tricyclic antidepressants
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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