Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects in the four groups
Total subjects (n = 289) | Control group (n = 73) | Audio group (n = 73) | Visual group (n = 72) | Combination group (n = 71) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 52.1 ± 6.7 | 52.8 ± 6.7 | 52.5 ± 6.6 | 50.7 ± 7.3 | 52.3 ± 6.2 | NS |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 171 | 46 | 45 | 40 | 40 | NS |
Female | 118 | 27 | 28 | 32 | 31 | |
Smoking (+/−) | 35/254 | 10/63 | 9/64 | 12/60 | 4/67 | NS |
Drinking (+/−) | 165/124 | 45/28 | 42/31 | 40/32 | 38/33 | NS |
Number of EGD experience | 4.3 ± 3.4 (0–20) | 4.4 ± 3.9 (0–20) | 4.5 ± 3.8 (0–16) | 4.1 ± 2.6 (0–11) | 4.4 ± 3.3 (0–15) | NS |
Duration of EGD (sec) | 341 ± 98 | 330 ± 96 | 351 ± 96 | 355 ± 116 | 329 ± 81 | NS |
First score of POMS | ||||||
(negative mood) | ||||||
A-H | 46.5 ± 7.5 | 46.8 ± 8.0 | 46.2 ± 6.9 | 46.6 ± 6.5 | 46.3 ± 8.3 | NS |
C-B | 48.9 ± 8.0 | 48.4 ± 8.5 | 49.4 ± 8.1 | 49.6 ± 7.2 | 48.3 ± 8.2 | NS |
D-D | 48.9 ± 7.2 | 49.0 ± 7.5 | 49.8 ± 8.2 | 48.5 ± 6.7 | 48.5 ± 6.3 | NS |
F-I | 45.7 ± 8.2 | 46.0 ± 9.6 | 46.2 ± 7.1 | 45.3 ± 7.1 | 45.5 ± 9.0 | NS |
T-A | 52.3 ± 9.8 | 53.0 ± 10.9 | 50.9 ± 8.6 | 54.1 ± 9.0 | 51.4 ± 10.5 | NS |
TMD | 47.3 ± 7.8 | 48.0 ± 9.0 | 47.5 ± 7.6 | 47.6 ± 6.7 | 46.2 ± 7.6 | NS |
(positive mood) | ||||||
V-V | 54.6 ± 9.5 | 54.4 ± 10.6 | 55.0 ± 8.8 | 55.3 ± 9.1 | 53.5 ± 9.3 | NS |
F | 58.6 ± 8.9 | 56.8 ± 9.7 | 58.6 ± 8.0 | 59.2 ± 8.7 | 59.8 ± 9.2 | NS |
VAS of impression for EGD | ||||||
Strain | 48.7 ± 27.9 | 46.6 ± 26.7 | 47.1 ± 26.9 | 53.7 ± 27.9 | 47.3 ± 30.2 | NS |
Anxiety | 40.3 ± 27.7 | 38.5 ± 28.1 | 44.5 ± 26.8 | 39.5 ± 25.8 | 38.8 ± 30.0 | NS |
Fear | 32.5 ± 26.7 | 29.6 ± 25.3 | 36.3 ± 28.5 | 32.3 ± 23.2 | 31.8 ± 29.6 | NS |