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Table 5 Management Strategies at Emergency Department

From: Profile and outcome of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding presenting to urban emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Tanzania

VARIABLES

FREQUENCY (%)

ED Management

 Intravenous fluid

88 (71.5%)

 Proton pump Inhibitor

88 (71.5%)

 Blood Transfusion (BT)

60 (48.8%)

 Antibiotics

43 (35.0%)

 Tranexamic acid

25 (20.3%)

 Octreotide

23 (18.7%)

 Inotropy/Vasopressor support

3 (2.4%)

 NGT Placement

3 (2.4%)

 Emergent endoscopy

0 (0.0%)

 POC results

n(n/N)

 Hemoglobin < 8 g/dl (n = 106)*

69 (65.09%)

 Urea > 7.1 mmol/l (n = 85)**

51 (60.0%)

 Lactate > 2 meq/l (n = 20)

11 (55.0%)

 UGI Endoscopy

46 (37.4%)

Time to Endoscopy

  > 72 h

15 (32.6%)

 24–48 h

13 (28.3%)

 48–72 h

10 (21.7%)

 Within 24 h

8 (17.4%)

  1. *Cut-off value based on WHO Anemia severity classification **Cut-off based on the high normal limit as stated in Glasgow-Blatchford score