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Table 2 The time-trend of dysphagia-free period with RBES in the model of HLM

From: The role of endoscopic dilation and stents in refractory benign esophageal strictures: a retrospective analysis

Fixed effects

 

Parameter (95% CI)

P

Times

Intercept (d)

72.7 (61.8–83.6)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

12.7 (8.7–16.7)

<0.001

Patient characteristics

Sex

 Female–reference category

Intercept (d)

75.1 (54.3–95.9)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

10.5 (2.3–18.7)

0.014

 Male

Intercept (d)

−3.2 (−27.8–21.4)

0.802

Time-trend (d/time)

6.1 (−4.0–16.2)

0.236

Age

 

Intercept (d)

83.3 (46.4–120.2)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

23.6 (8.6–38.6)

<0.001

Intercept (d)

−0.17 (−0.8–0.4)

0.557

Time-trend (d/time)

−0.17 (− 0.4–0.1)

0.193

Stricture characteristics

Etiology

 ESD/ESTD–reference category

Intercept (d)

57.6 (35.6–79.6)

< 0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

14.7 (8.6–20.8)

0.001

 Achalasia of cardia

Intercept (d)

154.2 (97.5–210.9)

< 0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

−0.54 (−21.9–20.8)

0.971

 Surgery

Intercept (d)

21.4 (−4.4–47.2)

0.046

Time-trend (d/time)

9.01 (−6.7–24.7)

0.154

 Caustic

Intercept (d)

−1.19 (−21.0–18.6)

0.931

Time-trend (d/time)

−4.50 (−16.6–7.6)

0.575

Location

 

Intercept (d)

32.8 (7.1–58.5)

0.015

Time-trend (d/time)

5.53 (−4.3–15.3)

0.273

Intercept (d)

1.75 (0.7–2.8)

0.002

Time-trend (d/time)

0.36 (−0.1–0.8)

0.101

Length

 <2 cm-reference category

Intercept (d)

87.7 (71.7–103.7)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

17.6 (9.4–25.8)

<0.001

 ≥2 cm

Intercept (d)

−26.8 (−48- -5.6)

0.015

Time-trend (d/time)

−6.32 (−16.1–3.5)

0.212

Number

 One-reference category

Intercept (d)

79.9 (67.2–92.6)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

14.9 (9.8–20.0)

<0.001

 Two or more

Intercept (d)

−24.8 (−48- -1.6)

0.040

Time-trend (d/time)

−6.57 (−14.8–1.7)

0.123

Therapy characteristics

Initial dysphagia-free period

 

Intercept (d)

52.3 (36.3–68.3)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

17.6 (10.0–25.2)

<0.001

Intercept (d)

0.46 (0.2–0.7)

0.010

Time-trend (d/time)

−0.12 (−0.3–0.1)

0.229

Therapy

 Dilation + Stents–reference category

Intercept (d)

74.9 (61.5–88.3)

<0.001

Time-trend (d/time)

17.4 (11.1–23.7)

<0.001

 Stents

Intercept (d)

−6.6 (−30.1–16.9)

0.583

Time-trend (d/time)

−7.6 (−16.6–1.4)

0.103

  1. RBES Refractory benign esophageal strictures
  2. CI Confidence interval
  3. HLM Hierarchical linear Model