Table 2 Mean difference in absolute liver attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]) for variables of interest, overall and by HIV status^a

HIV

5.68 (2.93, 8.43)

5.97 (3.21, 8.73)

–

–

–

–

 White

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 Black

− 1.41 (−5.43, 2.60)

0.06 (− 3.99, 4.11)

− 1.24 (− 6.06, 3.57)

-0.07 (−5.14, 5.28)

0.18 (− 6.85, 7.20)

-0.38 (−7.47, 6.71)

 Hispanic

3.21 (−3.81,10.22)

2.43 (− 4.32, 9.17)

2.91 (−5.15, 10.98)

3.58 (− 4.62, 11.78)

2.30 (− 11.51, 16.10)

−2.03 (− 15.91, 11.85)

 Other

0.56 (−10.07, 11.19)

2.16 (−7.88, 12.21)

0.42 (− 13.25, 14.09)

2.19 (−11.62, 16.00)

2.82 (−13.42, 19.06)

0.03 (− 15.27, 15.33)

Obese BMI

−4.59 (−7.79, −1.39)

−3.00 (−6.17, 0.18)

−2.31 (−6.86, 2.24)

−2.24 (− 7.06, 2.57)

− 4.80 (−9.18, − 0.43)

− 4.31 (−8.69, 0.07)

SAT area (cm²)

−0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01)

–

− 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.003)

–

− 0.02(− 0.03, − 0.007)

–

VAT area (cm²)

−0.03 (−0.04, − 0.01)

–

−0.02 (− 0.04, 0.008)

–

−0.03 (− 0.06, − 0.008)

–

Diabetes mellitus^b

− 2.15 (− 5.58, 1.29)

−0.85 (−4.16, 2.47)

−2.93 (−7.24, 1.39)

−1.69 (− 6.18, 2.81)

− 0.72 (− 6.03, 4.59)

1.03 (− 4.02, 6.09)

Hypertension^c

− 4.06 (−7.60, −0.53)

−1.08 (− 4.63, 2.46)

−4.21 (− 8.61, 0.18)

− 1.36 (− 6.12, 3.39)

−3.52 (− 9.08, 2.03)

−1.24 (− 7.11, 4.64)

Triglycerides

− 0.005 (−0.01, 0.005)

−0.006 (−0.02, 0.003)

− 0.008 (− 0.02, 0.003)

−0.008 (− 0.02, 0.004)

− 0.005 (−0.02, 0.01)

−0.001 (− 0.02, 0.01)

 Not current

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 Non-hazardous

4.67 (0.64, 8.69)

3.13 (−0.89, 7.14)

3.16 (−1.66, 7.98)

1.08 (−4.13, 6.28)

6.96 (0.04, 13.89)

5.51 (−1.27, 12.29)

 Hazardous/at risk

7.64 (2.41,12.87)

5.76 (0.62, 10.91)

7.76 (0.97, 14.54)

4.32 (−2.88, 11.51)

8.99 (1.30, 16.68)

6.00 (−1.61, 13.62)

Abuse/dependence

2.18 (−0.93, 5.30)

1.95 (−1.07, 4.99)

1.58 (−2.38, 5.55)

0.99 (−3.14, 5.13)

4.65 (−0.11, 9.41)

2.68 (−2.15, 7.51)

Nadir CD4, cells/mm³

–

–

−0.003 (−0.01, 0.007)

–

–

–

Current CD4, cells/mm³

–

–

−0.0006 (−0.07, 0.006)

–

–

–

HIV viremia, log₁₀

–

–

0.09 (−1.87, 2.06)

−0.12 (−2.13, 1.89)

–

–

HCV infection

−2.91 (− 5.61, −0.20)

−0.97 (−3.63, 2.24)

−4.83 (− 8.19, − 1.47)

−3.11 (−7.10, 0.88)

−0.43 (− 4.65, 3.79)

1.66 (−2.85, 6.16)

 < 1.45

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 1.45–3.25

−0.56 (−3.48, 2.35)

−0.71 (−3.63, 2.20)

−2.40 (−5.98, 1.19)

−1.09 (−4.95, 2.76)

0.95 (−3.55, 5.45)

0.24 (−4.56, 5.04)

 > 3.25

−9.73 (−14.44, −5.01)

−9.43 (− 14.15, − 4.71)

−8.49 (− 13.93, − 3.04)

− 6.07 (− 11.96, − 0.18)

−17.64 (− 26.60, − 8.69)

−18.22 (− 27.64, − 8.81)