Helicobacter pylori infections in Ethiopia; prevalence and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Pooled prevalence of H.pylori infections in Ethiopia stratified according to sub-groups

Variables	No of included studies	Pooled prevalence estimate			Heterogeneity
Variables	No of included studies	Sample size	Cases	Prevalence, 95% CI	I² (%)	Q (P-value)
Region
Addis Ababa	11	2990	1336	48.1 (36.3–60.2)	50.4	0.790
Amhara	9	9955	4695	54.6 (42.0–66.7)	1.7	0.412
Benishangul gumuz	1	230	112	48.7 (16.0–82.6)	0.0	0.954
Oromia	2	569	316	39.9 (17.3–67.7)	61.4	0.517
Somalia	1	145	103	71.0 (32.5–92.6)	–	–
SNNPR	13	5001	2417	53.6 (42.4–64.4)	53.1	0.569
Study period ^a
1990–2000	5	1260	838	64.4 (47.3–78.5)	0.0	0.097
2001–2011	12	8724	4118	62.2 (51.1–72.1)	64.3	0.031
2012–2017	21	8906	4.023	42.9 (34.8–51.4)	37.0	0.102
Sample size
< 150	6	736	403	54.7 (36.8–71.4)	51.3	0.614
151–500	26	7879	4213	54.5 (45.9–62.8	39.5	0.306
501–1000	3	2321	718	28.6 (12.8–52.2)	31.2	0.074
> 1000	2	7954	3645	53.9 (25.5–79.9)	0.0	0.804
Study design
Cross-sectional	20	5928	3137	55.1 (44.9–64.9)	39.9	0.324
Case control	9	1876	877	47.0 (32.5–62.1)	44.7	0.704
Cohort	6	3132	1320	49.7 (39.6–67.5)	45.7	0.972
Retrospective	2	7954	3645	53.9 (24.5–80.5)	0.0	0.812
Lab tests used
Stool antigen	18	6712	2276	31.4 (24.6–39.1)	8.5	< 0.001
Serology (IgM, IgG, IgA)	15	10,937	5752	69.7 (61.2–76.9)	2.3	< 0.001
Others ^b	4	1241	951	77.8 (63.0–87.8)	21	0.001
Number of tests used
Single	27	7235	16,099	48.1 (40.8–55.5)	57.22	0.662
Multiple	10	1744	2801	62.9 (51.0–73.4)	19.7	0.034
Publication history
Published	29	16,440	8036	56.6 (49.2–63.6)	51.5	0.081
Unpublished	8	2450	943	36.8 (24.9–50.5)	11.2	0.059

SNNPR South nations, nationalities and peoples region
^a One study is divided in to two datasets by study period making the total dataset 38
^b Includes (PCR, culture, rapid urease, methylyne blue stain, giemsa stain, loefler stain, histopatholgy, silver stain, gemnieze stain, gram stain,….)

ISSN: 1471-230X