Table 3 Univariate analyses of post-ESD bleeding risk
Early phase post-ESD bleeding | Later phase post-ESD bleeding | Total instances of post-ESD bleeding | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bleeding | Non-bleeding | Bleeding | Non-bleeding | Bleeding | Non-bleeding | P-value | |||||||
No. of lesions | 10 | 289 | 16 | 273 | 26 | 273 | |||||||
Aged ≥65 years | 9 | 90.0% | 231 | 79.9% | 13 | 81.3% | 218 | 79.9% | 22 | 84.6% | 218 | 79.9% | 0.539 |
Male sex | 9 | 90.0% | 216 | 74.7% | 14 | 87.5% | 202 | 74.0% | 23 | 88.5% | 202 | 74.0% | 0.103 |
Tumor location | |||||||||||||
Upper third | 4 | 40.0% | 43 | 14.9% | 2 | 12.5% | 41 | 15.0% | 6 | 23.1% | 41 | 15.0% | 0.259 |
Middle third | 3 | 30.0% | 139 | 48.1% | 10 | 62.5% | 129 | 47.3% | 13 | 50.0% | 129 | 47.3% | 0.809 |
Lower third | 3 | 30.0% | 107 | 37.0% | 4 | 25.0% | 103 | 37.7% | 7 | 26.9% | 103 | 37.7% | 0.277 |
Length of the resected specimen ≥40 mm | 6 | 60.0% | 89 | 30.8% | 7 | 43.8% | 82 | 30.0% | 13 | 50.0% | 82 | 30.0% | 0.036 |
Elevated type morphology | 6 | 60.0% | 168 | 58.1% | 9 | 56.3% | 159 | 58.2% | 15 | 57.7% | 159 | 58.2% | 0.949 |
Depth of invasion | |||||||||||||
M | 8 | 80.0% | 255 | 88.2% | 13 | 81.3% | 242 | 88.6% | 21 | 80.8% | 242 | 88.6% | 0.230 |
SM, ≤500 uL | 1 | 10.0% | 15 | 5.2% | 1 | 6.3% | 14 | 5.1% | 2 | 7.7% | 14 | 5.1% | 0.562 |
SM, > 500 uL | 1 | 10.0% | 19 | 6.6% | 2 | 12.5% | 17 | 6.2% | 3 | 11.5% | 17 | 6.2% | 0.297 |
Ulcer scar within the lesion | 0 | 0.0% | 16 | 5.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 16 | 5.9% | 0 | 0.0% | 16 | 5.9% | 0.214 |
Use of antithrombotic agents | 5 | 50.0% | 76 | 26.3% | 10 | 62.5% | 66 | 24.2% | 15 | 57.7% | 66 | 24.2% | 0.0002 |
Forrest IIa + IIb ulcers requiring prophylactic hemostasis | – | – | 7 | 43.8% | 48 | 17.6% | 7 | 26.9% | 48 | 17.6% | 0.275 | ||