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Table 5 Risk factors for perforation from multivariate logistic regression and sensitivity analysis

From: Evaluation of risk factors for perforated peptic ulcer

 

Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval)

Stepwise

Forced-entry

Social History

Logistic

Conditional

Logistic

Conditional

 Smoking

  

1.02

1.39

(0.45–2.31)

(0.42–4.64)

 Alcohol

  

0.68

0.56

(0.31–1.50)

(0.19–1.62)

Past Medical History

 PUD

7.81

21.9

3.67

6.40

(1.98–30.8)

(3.92–122.5)

(1.47–9.18)

(1.13–36.2)

 GERD

256.7

   

(12.5–5274.1)

Medications

 NSAID daily use

28.5

 

4.71

5.40

(3.00–270.3)

(1.29–17.2)

(0.55–53.5)

 NSAID rescue use

0.05

   

(0.004–0.57)

 Antiplatelet

5.90

 

2.37

3.20

(2.59–13.4)

(1.29–4.34)

(0.75–13.6)

 Anticoagulant

  

1.04

0.85

(0.13–8.41)

(0.03–22.3)

 PPI*

  

0.50

2.03

(0.13–1.86)

(0.24–16.9)

Physical Findings

Location of pain No pain Reference

 Upper abdomen

4.40

 

1.90

2.61

(1.10–17.7)

(0.71–5.12)

(0.59–11.5)

 Mid abdomen

2.20

 

1.23

2.47

(0.28–16.6)

(0.28–5.45)

(0.13–46.6)

 Lower abdomen

1.62

 

0.83

2.18

(0.27–9.81)

(0.21–3.23)

(0.33–14.4)

 Multiple abdomen

287.7

 

39.4

51.8

(22.9–3619.8)

(8.79–176.3)

(3.57–752.9)

 Muscular defense

366.2

76.6

28.4

23.8

(61.9–2166.2)

(13.7–429.6)

(11.6–69.6)

(5.70–100.0)

 Back pain

24.4

100.7

  

(3.30–180.6)

(7.05–1438.0)

 Chest pain

0.002

   

(0.00–0.12)

 Loss of appetite

  

3.63

3.43

(1.40–9.46)

(0.75–15.7)

 Hematemesis

141.2

   

(7.02–2838.0)

 Diarrhea

0.19

   

(0.04–0.89)

H. Pylori infection

1522.0

   

(14.4–160,502.9)

 Vomiting

0.03

 

0.39

0.42

(0.01–0.16)

(0.18–0.88)

(0.12–1.44)

 Nausea

9.69

   

(2.27–41.4)

Laboratory Data

 C-Reactive Protein

1.13

 

1.04

1.02

(1.05–1.22)

(1.00–1.10)

(0.95–1.11)

 Platelet counts

  

1.00

1.01

(1.01–1.01)

(1.00–1.01)

 Hemoglobin

0.75

0.78

  

(0.65–0.87)

(0.66–0.92)

 Total bilirubin

0.32

   

(0.16–0.68)

 AST

0.97

   

(0.95–1.00)

 Creatinine

 

1.67

  

(1.10–2.53)

  1. Numbers in bold indicate that the p value is less than 0.05