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Table 5 Mean costs per patient per year for medication subgroups (mean euro (SD)) of primary and secondary care IBS patients and their matched controls specified per year before and after diagnosis

From: Comparison of medical costs generated by IBS patients in primary and secondary care in the Netherlands

 

T = −3 Mean (SD)

T = −2 Mean (SD)

T = −1 Mean (SD)

Mean annual before Mean (SD)

T = +1 Mean (SD)

T = +2 Mean (SD)

T = +3 Mean (SD)

Mean annual after Mean (SD)

Mean dif Mean (SD)

p value difference

1. Laxatives

Primary care patients

–

10 (38)

13 (41)

12 (40)

32 (105)

34 (107)

39 (123)

34 (110

23 (101)

0.72

 

Secondary care patients

9 (48)

9 (40)

18 (45)

14 (44)

46 (76)

33 (76)

36 (83)

39 (78)

25 (66)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

1 (7)

3 (14)

2 (12)

3 (17)

2 (13)

4 (22)

3 (17)

1 (17)

 
 

Secondary care controls

5 (28)

5 (28)

5 (29)

5 (28)

5 (30)

6 (31)

6 (32)

6 (31)

0 (30)

 

2. Spasmolytics

Primary care patients

–

6 (24)

6 (24)

6 (24)

11 (31)

7 (25)

9 (33)

10 (29)

4 (28)

0.25

 

Secondary care patients

12 (70)

13 (75)

14 (76)

13 (75)

14 (73)

16 (77)

16 (76)

15 (75)

2 (75)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

0 (0)

0 (2)

0 (2)

0 (6)

0 (3)

0 (3)

0 (4)

0 (4)

0.99

 

Secondary care controls

6 (52)

7 (53)

7 (52)

7 (52)

7 (52)

8 (53)

7 (47)

7 (51)

0 (52)

 

3. Anti-depressants

Primary care patients

–

7 (45)

10 (45)

9 (45)

15 (84)

17 (100)

20 (100)

16 (94)

7 (86)

0.66

 

Secondary care patients

2 (13)

2 (16)

5 (20)

3 (18)

9 (29)

8 (29)

9 (32)

8 (30)

5 (25)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

2 (11)

4 (38)

4 (33)

8 (49)

10 (67)

8 (51)

9 (56)

5 (53)

0.02×

 

Secondary care controls

1 (9)

1 (9)

1 (10)

1 (10)

1 (9)

1 (9)

1 (11)

1 (10)

0 (10)

 

4. Antacids

Primary care patients

–

83 (229)

72 (181)

75 (196)

76 (184)

70 (155)

60 (138)

70 (164)

−5 (171)

<0.01×

 

Secondary care patients

47 (132)

56 (139)

70 (153)

62 (146)

117 (214)

113 (204)

115 (204)

115 (209)

54 (186)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

26 (98)

22 (78)

23 (84)

27 (115)

30 (112)

29 (106)

28 (112)

5 (107)

0.16

 

Secondary care controls

36 (120)

37 (115)

36 (114)

36 (115)

36 (116)

35 (110)

33 (106)

35 (112)

−1 (113)

 

5. Hypnotics

Primary care patients

–

12 (38)

8 (29)

10 (32)

8 (32)

7 (29)

4 (19)

7 (28)

−3 (29)

<0.01×

 

Secondary care patients

8 (30)

9 (33)

9 (34)

9 (33)

12 (41)

13 (42)

11 (40)

12 (41)

3 (38)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

6 (23)

5 (22)

5 (22)

6 (27)

5 (25)

3 (19)

5 (25)

0 (24)

0.99

 

Controls to referred

6 (29)

6 ± 27)

6 (27)

6 (27)

6 (28)

6 (28)

5 (26)

5 (28)

0 (28)

 

6. Other ATC group N drugsa

Primary care patients

–

55 (139)

45 (152)

48 (148)

53 (144)

71 (234)

75 (274)

64 (214)

16 (203)

0.40

 

Secondary care patients

83 (309)

82 (305)

90 (357)

86 (334)

106 (397)

115 (410)

120 (412)

112 (404)

26 (377)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

28 (79)

56 (311)

47 (265)

64 (456)

65 (359)

65 (352)

65 (400)

17 (378)

0.29

 

Secondary care controls

55 (246)

60 (292)

60 (319)

59 (300)

64 (354)

58 (306)

58 (293)

61 (327)

1 (316)

 

7. Other ATC group A drugsb

Primary care patients

–

44 (183)

42 (194)

43 (191)

40 (178)

41 (134)

46 (141)

42 (155)

−1 (163)

<0.01×

 

Secondary care patients

20 (97)

22 (95)

28 (125)

25 (112)

64 (223)

75 (257)

99 (304)

75 (253)

50 (207)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

29 (97)

35 (146)

33 (133)

32 (170)

36 (195)

24 (120)

32 (169)

−2 (163)

0.88

 

Secondary care controls

42 (182)

45 (193)

45 (186)

45 (188)

43 (182)

45 (188)

42 (185)

44 (185)

−1 (186)

 

8. All other drugsc

Primary care patients

–

182 (321)

252 (454)

232 (419)

287 (508)

333 (649)

497 (1944)

354 (1085)

123 (992)

0.02×

 

Secondary care patients

296 (830)

352 (1009)

397 (1065)

367 (1015)

570 (1504)

627 (1565)

757 (1859)

627 (1604)

261 (1392)

 
 

Primary care controls

–

306 (678)

356 (1263)

341 (1124)

308 (1082)

322 (1070)

356 (1320)

325 (1140)

−17 (1137)

0.57

 

Secondary care controls

373 (1258)

393 (1235)

397 (1295)

392 (1270)

399 (1464)

401 (1202)

410 (1152)

402 (1320)

9 (1299)

 
  1. T = −3 indicates three years before diagnosis, T = +1 one year after diagnosis and so forth
  2. ×Significant difference at alpha = 0.05
  3. ATC group N drugs
  4. aATC group N drugs: Drugs typically aimed at the neurological system, excluding Anti-depressants and Hypnotics
  5. bATC group A drugs: Drugs typically aimed at the alimentary tract, excluding laxatives, spasmolytics and antacids
  6. cExcluding ATC group A and group N drugs
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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