Table 5 Clinical features of refractory and non-refractory groups
From: Evaluation of the role of HLA-DR antigens in Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
| Non-refractory group (n = 106) | Refractory group (n = 15) | P-value | |
| Discrete traits | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Sex | 0.356 | ||
| Male | 11 (10.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Female | 95 (89.6) | 15 (100) | |
| Pattern of disease onset | 45 (42.5) | 2 (13.3) | 0.045 |
| Acute onset | |||
| Other autoimmune diseases | 19 (17.9) | 3 (20.0) | 0.735 |
| Death from liver disease-related causes | 0 (0) | 8 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| ANA positivity | 92 (86.8) | 13 (86.7) | 1.000 |
| ANA (<40/40/80/>80) | 14/15/18/59 | 2/2/6/5 | 0.274 |
| AMA positivity | 13 (12.3) | 0 (0) | 0.366 |
| Splenomegaly | 32 (30.8) | 9 (60.0) | 0.038 |
| Fibrosis stage (F0-F2/F3-F4) | 55/42 | 5/4 | 1.000 |
| Continuous traits | Median (Min-Max) | Median (Min-Max) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 57 (9–87) | 64 (46–85) | 0.167 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.4–30.4) | 5.1 (0.8–33.2) | 0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 248 (21–2738) | 133 (46–1130) | 0.229 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 310 (15–2325) | 284 (30–741) | 0.429 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 456 (131–1463) | 564 (420–830) | 0.007 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L) | 161 (26–679) | 192 (48–1404) | 0.532 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 86 (29–130) | 73 (43–109.1) | 0.002 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 (1.9–4.7) | 3.2 (2.7–4.0) | 0.004 |
| Platelets (x 104/μL) | 18.0 (8.9–39.6) | 11.1 (6.8–36.8) | 0.016 |
| Immunoglobulin G (mg/dL) | 2536 (938–6750) | 2163(1654–5495) | 0.514 |
| Immunoglobulin M (mg/dL) | 135.5 (47–1720) | 172.5 (52–321) | 0.618 |
| AIH score (except for histology score) | 14 (6–18) | 13 (9–16) | 0.748 |
| AIH score (including histology score) | 18 (8–22) | 17 (9–21) | 0.284 |