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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of potential risk factors for rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after endoscopic treatment

From: Predicting risk factors for rebleeding, infections, mortality following peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and the impact of antibiotics prophylaxis at different clinical stages of the disease

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Hazard ratio (95 % CI)

p-value

Hazard ratio (95 % CI)

p-value

Age

0.991 (0.971–1.012)

0.383

  

Male gender

2.882 (1.141–7.283)

0.025

2.639 (0.968–7.198)

0.058

Etiology of liver cirrhosis

    

  Alcoholic

1.001 (0.521–1.924)

0.998

  

  Viral hepatitis

1.086 (0.790–1.494)

0.610

  

  Cryptogenic

0.715 (0.369–1.384)

0.319

  

Decompensated cirrhosis

1.559 (0.881–2.758)

0.127

  

Rockall score

1.071 (1.031–1.111)

<0.001

1.069 (1.022–1.120)

0.004

MELD score

1.141 (0.964–1.351)

0.126

  

Child-Pugh score

1.321 (1.126–1.548)

0.001

1.128 (0.923–1.378)

0.238

Other comorbidities

    

  Diabetes mellitus

1.244 (0.689–2.249)

0.469

  

  Hypertension

0.688 (0.378–1.255)

0.233

  

  CVD

0.948 (0.230–3.912)

0.941

  

  Stroke

1.360 (0.422–4.382)

0.607

  

  ESRD

1.246 (0.448–3.470)

0.673

  

  COPD

0.495 (0.145–1.683)

0.260

  

Use of NSAID or aspirin

1.479 (0.586–3.734)

0.408

  

Smoking

1.362 (0.771–2.405)

0.287

  

Active alcoholism

1.585 (0.898–2.799)

0.112

  

WBC (109/l)

1

0.886

  

Hb (g/dl)

0.990 (0.869–1.128)

0.880

  

PLT (109/l)

0.997 (0.992–1.002)

0.260

  

PT (s)

1.286 (0.749–2.207)

0.362

  

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.063 (0.966–1.171)

0.213

  

Albumin (g/l)

0.635 (0.402–1.005)

0.053

  

Total bilirubin

1.068 (1.012–1.128)

0.017

1.042 (0.967–1.122)

0.277

Blood units transfused

1.032 (1.015–1.050)

<0.001

1.019 (1.002–1.037)

0.031

Hypovolemic shock on admission

1.143 (0.453–2.887)

0.777

  

High risk bleeding stigmata at ulcer base

1.103 (0.407–2.989)

0.848

  

Time (h), bleeding to endoscopic treatment

0.989 (0.959–1.039)

0.940

  

Combined treatment of endoscopic hemostasis

0.941 (0.521–1.700)

0.840

  

Bacterial infection

1.974 (1.081–3.607)

0.027

1.012 (0.527–1.941)

0.972

Antibiotic prophylaxis

0.090 (0.028–0.291)

<0.001

0.082 (0.025–0.267)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, Cardiovascular disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; WBC, white blood cells; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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