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Table 1 Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and clinical outcome of cirrhotic patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (n = 235)

From: Predicting risk factors for rebleeding, infections, mortality following peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and the impact of antibiotics prophylaxis at different clinical stages of the disease

Characteristics

Antibiotic group (n = 88)

Control group (n = 147)

p-value

Age (y)

61.8 ± 15.2

62.5 ± 12.5

0.699

Male, n (%)

71 (80.7)

110 (74.8)

0.302

Etiology of liver cirrhosis

   

  Alcoholic, n (%)

24 (27.3)

37 (25.2)

0.722

  Viral hepatitis, n (%)

62 (70.4)

100 (68.0)

0.697

  Cryptogenic, n (%)

2 (2.3)

10 (6.8)

0.219

Child-Pugh group

   

  A, n (%)

40 (45.5)

68 (46.3)

0.905

  B, n (%)

31 (35.2)

44 (29.9)

0.399

  C, n (%)

17 (19.3)

35 (23.8)

0.422

Decompensated cirrhosis, n (%)

44 (50.0)

61 (41.5)

0.204

Rockall score

4.7 ± 1.5

4.7 ± 1.7

0.885

MELD score

13.7 ± 6.1

14.1 ± 6.0

0.631

Child-Pugh score

6.9 ± 1.5

7.1 ± 1.7

0.467

Gastroesophageal varices, n (%)

51 (58.0)

84 (57.1)

0.903

Ulcer location

   

  Gastric ulcer, n (%)

55 (62.5)

91 (61.9)

0.927

  Duodenal ulcer, n (%)

27 (30.7)

46 (31.3)

0.922

  Both, n (%)

6 (6.8)

10 (6.8)

1

Use of NSAID or aspirin/clopidogrel, n (%)

17 (19.3)

20 (13.6)

0.245

Smoking, n (%)

33 (37.5)

63 (42.9)

0.419

Active alcoholism, n (%)

31 (35.2)

55 (37.4)

0.736

Other comorbidities

   

  Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

31 (35.2)

40 (27.2)

0.251

  Hypertension, n (%)

39 (44.3)

54 (36.7)

0.311

  Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

8 (9.1)

7 (4.8)

0.299

  Stroke, n (%)

3 (3.4)

10 (6.8)

0.381

  ESRD, n (%)

3 (3.4)

13 (8.8)

0.471

  COPD, n (%)

8 (9.1)

7 (4.8)

0.269

Laboratory on admission

   

  WBC (109/l)

6094.3 ± 2045.3

5876.2 ± 1970.4

0.419

  Hb (g/dl)

8.7 ± 2.5

8.9 ± 1.9

0.437

  PLT (109/l)

124.5 ± 60.5

121.5 ± 71.3

0.731

  Prothrombin time (s)

13.6 ± 4.8

12.4 ± 2.7

0.031

  Albumin (g/dl)

3.0 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.7

0.152

  Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.6 ± 2.0

2.0 ± 2.5

0.126

  Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

3.0 ± 3.8

3.1 ± 3.8

0.961

Clinical characteristics

   

  Hypovolemic shock on admission, n (%)

8 (9.1)

13 (8.8)

0.949

  Blood units transfused (unit)

4.8 ± 5.6

5.2 ± 7.6

0.637

Stigmata of recent hemorrhage at ulcer

   

  Forrest Ia or Ib ulcer, n (%)

44 (50)

74 (50.3)

0.960

  Forrest IIa or IIb ulcer, n (%)

37 (42)

54 (36.7)

0.419

  Forrest IIc ulcer, n (%)

7 (8)

19 (13)

0.240

Time (h), bleeding to endoscopic treatment

6.9 ± 6.7

7.7 ± 6.6

0.382

Treatment

   

  Epinephrine injection, n (%)

27 (30.7)

57 (38.8)

0.261

  APC, n (%)

13 (14.8)

37 (25.2)

0.070

  Hemoclipping, n (%)

14 (15.9)

6 (4.1)

0.003

  Combined therapy, n (%)

34 (38.6)

47 (32.0)

0.323

Outcomes

   

  Hospital stay (d)

15.7 ± 13.1

14.1 ± 10.9

0.282

  Rebleeding, n (%)

3 (3.4)

45 (30.6)

<0.001

  Infections, n (%)

9 (10.2)

37 (25.2)

0.005

  In-hospital mortality, n (%)

12 (13.6)

28 (19.0)

0.112

  Failure to control bleeding, n (%)

1 (1.1)

7 (4.8)

 

  Sepsis, n (%)

3 (3.4)

7 (4.8)

 

  Multiple organ failure, n (%)

8 (9.1)

14 (9.4)

 
  1. Abbreviations: APC, argon plasma coagulation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; EV, esophageal varices; GOV, Gastroesophageal varices; IGV, Isolated gastric varices; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; WBC, white blood cells; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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