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Table 2 Comparison of postoperative outcomes between probiotics and control (Intention-to-treat)

From: Positive regulatory effects of perioperative probiotic treatment on postoperative liver complications after colorectal liver metastases surgery: a double-center and double-blind randomized clinical trial

Outcomes

Intention-to-treat

Control (n = 68)

PRO (n = 66)

P Value

Septicemia incidence (%)

88 (60/68)

59 (39/66)

0.008

ALT (U/L)

56.20 ± 18.16

36.28 ± 18.92

<0.001

AST (U/L)

45.62 ± 22.68

36.18 ± 21.52

0.015

Intro-abdominal drainage time (d)

4.2 ± 1.6

4.6 ± 1.8

0.176

Incision infection (%)

12 (8/68)

9 (6/66)

0.779

Central lines infection (%)

9 (6/68)

11 (7/66)

0.777

Pneumonia infection (%)

12 (8/68)

9 (6/66)

0.097

Urinary infection (%)

13 (9/68)

2 (1/66)

0.017

First defecation time (d)

3.6 ± 1.8

2.8 ± 1.6

0.007

Diarrhea incidence (%)

46 (31/68)

24 (16/66)

0.012

Urinary catheters time (d)

7.1 ± 2.6

6.6 ± 2.8

0.286

Abdominal cramping (%)

49 (33/68)

23 (15/66)

0.017

Abdominal distension (%)

51 (35/68)

33 (22/66)

0.038

Intake time of fluid diet (d)

3.6 ± 1.2

3.2 ± 1.8

0.131

Intake time of solid diet (d)

5.2 ± 1.6

4.9 ± 1.6

0.280

Side effects of probiotic use

0

0

N/A

Duration of postoperative pyrexia (>38.5°C) (d)

6.98 ± 2.22

6.02 ± 1.68

0.006

Hypoalbuminemia (%)

47 (32/68)

27 (18/66)

0.021

Cumulative duration of antibiotic therapy

7.56 ± 2.26

6.22 ± 1.96

<0.001

Postoperative hospital stay

12.96 ± 3.06

11.26 ± 2.52

<0.001

Hospital charge (Yuan)

58262.36 ± 10262.36

52261.16 ± 12168.28

0.002

Death case

0

0

N/A

Serum zonulin (ng/mg protein)

1.36 ± 0.50

0.42 ± 0.36

<0.001

  1. ALT, alanine transarninase (normal value, 0–40 U/L); AST, aspartate aminotransferase (normal value, 0–40 U/L).