Table 1 Characteristics of the study population: frequency of environmental exposures
From: Early life environment and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases
Environmental exposure | Crohn’s disease | Ulcerative colitis |
|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |
Breastfeeding | ||
No | 124 [46] | 81 (45) |
Yes | 146 (54) | 101 (55) |
Delivery via caesarean section | ||
No | 258 (86) | 172 (84) |
Yes | 41 (14) | 34 (16) |
Hospitalization before age five years | ||
No | 217 (78) | 158 (82) |
Yes | 60 (22) | 35 (18) |
Childhood pets | ||
No | 102 (33) | 75 (33) |
Yes | 208 (67) | 151 (67) |
Growing up on farm | ||
No | 299 (97) | 215 (96) |
Yes | 10 (3) | 10 (4) |
Exposure to daycare during childhood | ||
No | 178 (60) | 131 (61) |
Yes | 121 (40) | 84 (39) |
Childhood exposure to cigarette smoke | ||
No | 140 (47) | 157 (53) |
Yes | 113 (52) | 104 (48) |