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Table 3 Univariable prevalence ratios (PR) for positive viral hepatitis serology

From: Prevalence and associated factors of viral hepatitis and transferrin elevations in 5036 patients admitted to the emergency room of a Swiss university hospital: cross-sectional study

 

Negative hepatitis serology (n = 4'592)

Anti-HBc positive (n = 336)

Anti-HCV positive (n = 135)

Factor

n

(%)1

n

(%)1

PR2

(95%CI)

n

(%)1

PR2

(95%CI)

Demographics

          

Female

1'859

(40.5)

117

(34.8)

0.8

(0.6 to 1.0)

44

(33.1)

0.7

(0.5 to 1.0)

Age

          

   ≤39

1'957

(42.6)

129

(38.4)

1.0

(reference)

59

(43.7)

1.0

(reference)

   40–59

1'440

(31.4)

118

(35.1)

1.2

(1.0 to 1.5)

45

(33.3)

1.1

(0.8 to 1.6)

   ≥60

1'195

(26.0)

89

(26.5)

1.1

(0.9 to 1.4)

31

(23.0)

1.0

(0.7 to 1.5)

Admission

          

Night admission (7 pm–7 am)

625

(15.6)

39

(13.9)

0.9

(0.6 to 1.2)

15

(14.0)

0.9

(0.5 to 1.5)

Nov-April admission

1'557

(33.9)

106

(31.5)

0.9

(0.7 to 1.1)

44

(32.6)

0.9

(0.7 to 1.3)

Medical admission

1'855

(46.3)

153

(54.4)

1.4

(1.1 to 1.7)

55

(40.7)

1.2

(0.8 to 1.7)

(Semi-)private insurance

800

(18.2)

32

(9.9)

0.5

(0.4 to 0.7)

15

(11.8)

0.6

(0.4 to 1.0)

Laboratory results

          

Elevated ALT

835

(18.2)

91

(27.1)

1.6

(1.3 to 2.0)

56

(41.5)

3.1

(2.2 to 4.3)

Transferrin saturation >45%

200

(4.4)

14

(4.2)

1.0

(0.6 to 1.6)

9

(6.7)

1.5

(0.8 to 3.0)

Questionnaire

          

History of jaundice

428

(9.5)

88

(26.9)

3.1

(2.5 to 3.9)

39

(29.5)

3.8

(2.6 to 5.4)

Blood transfusion (any time)

945

(21.2)

71

(22.0)

1.0

(0.8 to 1.3)

38

(30.9)

1.6

(1.1 to 2.4)

Blood transfusion before 1990

453

(10.2)

30

(9.3)

0.9

(0.6 to 1.3)

15

(12.2)

1.2

(0.7 to 2.1)

Tattoo

437

(9.6)

43

(12.9)

1.4

(1.0 to 1.9)

37

(27.4)

3.4

(2.3 to 4.9)

Piercing

486

(10.7)

25

(7.5)

0.7

(0.5 to 1.0)

22

(16.4)

1.6

(1.0 to 2.5)

>10 units alcohol per week

294

(6.5)

37

(11.2)

1.7

(1.3 to 2.4)

22

(16.4)

2.7

(1.7 to 4.2)

Intravenous drug abuse

30

(0.7)

39

(11.7)

9.3

(7.4 to 11.8)

55

(40.7)

37.4

(28.6 to 48.8)

Steady relationship

3'221

(70.9)

229

(70.0)

0.9

(0.7 to 1.2)

72

(53.7)

0.5

(0.4 to 0.7)

Professional patient contact

618

(13.6)

41

(12.4)

0.9

(0.7 to 1.2)

14

(10.4)

0.7

(0.4 to 1.3)

Chronic abdominal pain

373

(8.2)

47

(14.2)

1.8

(1.3 to 2.4)

30

(22.7)

3.1

(2.1 to 4.6)

Chronic fatigue

817

(17.9)

84

(25.2)

1.5

(1.2 to 1.9)

45

(33.6)

2.2

(1.6 to 3.2)

Chronic myalgia

467

(10.2)

42

(12.6)

1.2

(0.9 to 1.7)

21

(15.8)

1.6

(1.0 to 2.6)

Chronic arthralgia

568

(12.5)

57

(17.3)

1.4

(1.1 to 1.9)

27

(20.6)

1.8

(1.2 to 2.7)

Ethnicity other than white

244

(5.4)

65

(19.8)

3.6

(2.8 to 4.6)

10

(7.5)

1.4

(0.7 to 2.6)

Not born in Switzerland

926

(20.3)

160

(47.8)

3.2

(2.6 to 3.9)

30

(22.2)

1.1

(0.8 to 1.7)

Not a Swiss resident

92

(2.0)

7

(2.1)

1.0

(0.5 to 2.1)

2

(1.5)

0.7

(0.2 to 2.9)

  1. 1If no information was available for individual patients for a certain factor (e.g. admission time), % is calculated as the proportion of all patients with available information.
  2. 2Unadjusted prevalence ratio of positive viral serology for present vs. absent factor (e.g. first row: prevalence ratio of positive anti-HBc in females vs. males), except for age where age ≤39 is defined as the reference category.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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