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Table 2 Univariate analysis of putative risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection in a case-control study of volunteer blood donors from two large blood banks, Karachi, Pakistan

From: Epidemiologic study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in male volunteer blood donors in Karachi, Pakistan

Variables

Cases

Controls

OR†

95% CI‡

 

n = 64

%

n = 260

%

  

Blood bank

      

   Blood bank 1

38

(59.4)

118

(45.4)

1.0

-

   Blood bank II

26

(40.6)

142

(54.6)

0.6

0.3–1.0

Age (completed years)

      

   15–25

23

(35.9)

139

(53.5)

1.0

-

   26–35

29

(45.3)

86

(33.1)

2.0

1.1–3.8

   > 36

12

(18.8)

35

(13.5)

2.1

0.9–5.6

Ethnicity

      

   Mohajir

30

(46.9)

158

(60.8)

1.0

-

   Punjabi

8

(12.5)

45

(17.3)

0.9

0.4–2.2

   Pathan

11

(17.2)

17

(6.5)

3.4

1.5–8.0

   Sindhi

5

(7.8)

15

(5.8)

1.8

0.6–5.2

   Baloch and others

10

(15.6)

25

(9.6)

2.1

0.9–4.8

Education (completed school years)

      

   >10

34

(53.1)

159

(61.2)

1.0

-

   ≤ 10

30

(46.9)

101

(38.8)

1.4

0.8–2.5

Marital status

      

   Never married

29

(45.3)

146

(56.2)

1.0

-

   Ever married

35

(54.7)

114

(43.8)

1.5

0.9–2.7

Profession

      

   Un-employed

8

(12.5)

50

(19.2)

1.0

-

   Self-employed

19

(29.7)

39

(15.0)

3.0

1.1 – 8.6

   Service provider

37

(57.8)

171

(65.8)

1.4

0.6 – 3.4

*Household income (Pak Rs./mo)

      

   > 15000

11

(18.3)

33

(15.3)

1.0

-

   8001–15000

16

(26.7)

71

(33.0)

0.7

0.3 – 1.8

   5001–8000

9

(15.0)

50

(23.3)

0.5

0.2 – 1.6

   ≤ 5000

24

(40.0)

61

(28.4)

1.2

0.5 – 2.9

Number of times donated blood

      

   1

21

(32.8)

93

(35.8)

1.0

-

   2

13

(20.3)

52

(20.0)

1.1

0.5–2.6

   >2

30

(46.9)

115

(44.2)

1.2

0.6–2.3

History of hospital admission

      

   0

50

(78.1)

196

(75.4)

1.0

-

   1

13

(20.3)

53

(20.4)

0.9

0.5–2.0

   >1

1

(1.6)

11

(4.2)

0.4

0.1–2.8

History of dental treatment

      

   Never had dental treatment

31

(48.4)

183

(70.4)

1.0

-

   Treated by dentist

24

(24.0)

73

(28.1)

1.9

1.1–3.5

   Treated by others

9

(9.0)

4

(1.5)

13.2

3.9–45.8

Last injection received (completed months)

      

   Never received injection

5

(7.8)

63

(24.2)

1.0

-

   ≥ 6

34

(53.1)

123

(47.3)

3.5

1.3–9.3

   < 6

25

(39.1)

74

(28.5)

4.3

1.5–11.8

Injections received in last one year

      

   0

27

(42.2)

167

(64.2)

1.0

-

   1

8

(12.5)

19

(7.3)

2.6

1.0–6.5

   2 – 5

19

(29.7)

49

(18.8)

2.4

1.2–4.7

   ≥ 6

10

(15.6)

25

(9.6)

2.5

1.1–5.7

Injections received in five years

      

   0

15

(23.4)

119

(45.8)

1.0

-

   1–5

23

(35.9)

84

(32.3)

2.2

1.1–4.4

   > 5

26

(40.6)

57

(21.9)

3.6

1.8–7.4

Injections received in ten years

      

   0

40

(62.5)

167

(64.2)

1.0

-

   1–10

16

(16.0)

75

(28.8)

0.9

0.5–1.7

   >10

8

(8.0)

18

(6.9)

1.9

0.7–4.6

Type of syringe used for the last injection

      

   Never had injection

8

(12.5)

92

(35.4)

1.0

-

   Plastic syringe

31

(48.4)

131

(50.4)

2.7

1.1–6.2

   Glass syringe

25

(39.1)

37

(14.2)

7.8

3.2–18.8

IV infusion received from

      

   Never had drip

36

(56.3)

156

(60.0)

1.0

-

   Hospital

6

(9.4)

49

(18.8)

0.5

0.2–1.3

   GP's and others

22

(34.4)

55

(21.2)

1.7

0.9–3.2

IV infusion received in last one year

      

   0

53

(82.8)

240

(92.3)

1.0

-

   1

5

(7.8)

16

(6.2)

1.4

0.5–4.0

   ≥ 2

6

(9.4)

4

(1.5)

6.8

1.9–25.0

IV infusion received in last five years

      

   0

47

(73.4)

202

(77.7)

1.0

-

   1–4

12

(18.8)

54

(20.8)

1.0

0.5–1.9

   ≥ 5

5

(7.8)

4

(1.5)

5.3

1.4–20.8

IV infusions received in last ten years

      

0

42

(65.6)

171

(65.8)

1.0

-

   1–4

15

(23.4)

79

(30.4)

0.8

0.5–1.5

   ≥ 5

7

(10.9)

10

(3.8)

2.9

1.0–8.0

Ear pierced

      

   No

62

(96.9)

248

(95.4)

1.0

-

   Yes

2

(3.1)

12

(4.6)

0.7

0.2–3.1

Tattooing

      

   No

61

(95.3)

249

(95.8)

1.0

-

   Yes

3

(4.7)

11

(4.2)

1.1

0.3–4.1

Shaving from barber

      

   No

17

(26.6)

100

(38.5)

1.0

-

   Yes

47

(73.4)

160

(61.5)

1.7

0.9–3.2

Frequency of going to barber

      

   Never

17

(26.6)

100

(38.5)

1.0

-

   Daily

17

(26.6)

65

(25.0)

1.5

0.7–3.2

   Once a week

19

(29.7)

59

(22.7)

1.9

0.9–3.9

   More than once a week

11

(17.2)

36

(13.8)

1.8

0.8–4.2

Death of a family member due to liver disease

      

   No

55

(85.9)

24.8

(95.4)

1.0

-

   Yes

9

(14.1)

12

(4.6)

3.4

1.4–8.4

Lived with jaundiced family member

      

   No

38

(59.4)

190

(73.1)

1.0

-

   Yes

26

(40.6)

70

(26.9)

1.9

1.0–3.4

History of sexual contact

      

   No history of sexual contact

24

(37.5)

130

(50.0)

1.0

-

   Sexual contact with ≥ 1 partners

40

(62.5)

130

(50.0)

1.6

0.9–3.0

  1. • Commercial Sex worker †Odds ratio ‡Confidence Interval
  2. •χ Who provides services like laborer, driver, policeman, factory worker etc.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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