Sequential algorithm analysis to facilitate selective biliary access for difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP: a prospective clinical study

Table 3 Technical success and complications

	EPF	DGC	PPS	Total	Pvalue
No. (%)	71 (50.7)	33 (23.6)	36 (25.7)	140
Success of biliary cannulation	67/71 (94.4)	33/69 (47.8)*	36/36 (100)	136/140 (97.1)	< 0.001
First attempt	63 (88.7)	33 (47.8)	30 (83.3)	126/140 (90)
Second attempt	4/6 (66.6)	0	6/6 (100)	10/12 (83.3)
Failure	4 (5.6)^†	0	0	4/140 (2.8)
Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia	5 (7)	3 (9)	2 (5.6)	10 (7.1)	0.849
PEP (mild/moderate/severe)	6/1/0 (9.85)	4/0/0 (12)	3/0/0 (8.3)	14 (10)	0.870
Bleeding	1 (1.4)	1 (3)	2 (5.6)	4 (2.8)	0.476
Perforation	0	0	0	0

*Among 69 patients who underwent an initial DGC, 36 patients switched to PPS due to difficulty criteria.
^†Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after second attempt (n =2) and first attempt (n = 2).
PEP post-ERCP pancreatitis.

ISSN: 1471-230X