Figure 1

Relationship between smoking and celiac disease (CD). Relationship between smoking and celiac disease (CD). CD, celiac disease. Y-axis shows adjusted odds ratio/relative risk and 95% confidence intervals for CD in current smokers. Number of included patients with CD: Snook (n = 86) [22], Todi (n = 330) [21], Vazquez (n = 87) [19]; Patel (n = 82) [25], Austin (n = 430) [20], West (n = 87) [24], Suman (n = 138) [23], Ludvigsson (undiagnosed (a): n = 237; and diagnosed (b): n = 636) [26], and current study (n = 488). # The studies by Austin et al [20] and Thomasson et al [27] (not included in Figure 1) seem to be based on the same datasets. Thomasson et al do not present any odds ratio for CD among smokers but re-calculating their data we found a crude OR of 0.51, which is almost identical to that of Austin et al (crude OR = 0.52). For this reason the Thomasson et al study has not been included in Figure 1. § (a) association between smoking and undiagnosed CD; (b) association between smoking and diagnosed CD.