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Table 4 Comparison of EGF genotype frequencies in HCC patients with control subjects among non-Asians in Los Angeles, California, and Chinese in southern Guangxi, China, stratified by cytokine genotypes

From: Genetic polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: two case-control studies

Th1 and Th2 genotypes*

EGF 61A > G

Non-Asians in Los Angeles

Chinese in southern Guangxi

Ca/Co*

OR (95% CI)†

OR (95% CI)‡

Ca/Co*

OR (95% CI)†

OR (95% CI)‡

No. of low-activity Th1 genotypes

 0–1

A/A

13/27

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

70/76

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

A/G + G/G

38/86

1.14 (0.50–2.63)

1.24 (0.46–3.34)

61/77

0.87 (0.54–1.39)

0.63 (0.32–1.23)

 2–3

A/A

11/25

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

55/42

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

A/G + G/G

50/60

2.17 (0.91–5.18)

2.77 (1.00–7.66)

63/50

0.95 (0.55–1.65)

0.89 (0.40v1.97)

No. of low-activity Th2 genotypes

 0

A/A

7/13

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

72/61

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

A/G + G/G

18/28

1.85 (0.48–7.15)

1.36 (0.23–8.27)

55/48

0.97 (0.58–1.63)

0.78 (0.36–1.69)

 1–2

A/A

17/39

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

53/57

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

A/G + G/G

70/118

1.63 (0.83–3.20)

2.27 (1.01–5.11)

69/79

0.95 (0.58–1.56)

0.84 (0.42–1.71)

No. of low-activity Th1 and Th2 genotypes

Th1 = 0–1 and Th2 = 1–2

A/A

13/19

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

35/31

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 

A/G + G/G

33/70

0.86 (0.36–2.04)

0.95 (0.33–2.70)

36/48

0.69 (0.36–1.33)

0.57 (0.21–1.54)

Th1 = 2–3 or Th2 = 0

A/A

11/33

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

90/87

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 

A/G + G/G

55/76

2.75 (1.18–6.38)

3.34 (1.24–9.03)

88/79

1.07 (0.70–1.63)

0.85 (0.47–1.56)

  1. * Number of cases/number of controls; subjects with unknown Th1 and/or Th2 genotypes were excluded from this analysis.
  2. † Adjusted for age, sex, and race; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  3. ‡ Further adjusted for level of education, smoking (non-smokers or long-term ex-smokers, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with <20 cigarettes/day, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with 20+ cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, <7, 7–14, 14–21, and 21+ drinks/day), and serology of hepatitis B and C virus, if applicable.