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Table 1 Total sample characteristics and associations with levels of GI complaints at baseline*

From: Do gastrointestinal complaints increase the risk for subsequent medically certified long-term sickness absence? The HUSK study

 

Full sample

GI complaints <80th percentile

GI complaints >80th percentile

  
 

n

%

n

%

n

%

difference

Cohen's w**

Total sample

13880

100

11245

81.0

2635

19.0

  

Age (mean/SD)***

43.2

1.5

43.2

1.54

43.2

1.56

t(-1.4), df = 13878, p = 0.17

-

Gender

      

χ2 = 74.9, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.07

   Males

6694

48.2

5623

50.0

1071

40.7

  

   Females

7186

51.8

5622

50.0

1564

59.4

  

Highest education level

      

χ2 = 75.0, df = 2, p < 0.001

0.07

   Elementary school

2226

16.2

1688

15.1

538

20.6

  

   Upper secondary school

6367

46.2

5111

45.8

1256

48.0

  

   Higher education

5189

37.7

4368

39.1

821

31.4

  

Physical illness

1010

7.3

741

6.6

269

10.2

χ2 = 41.7, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.05

BMI

      

χ2 = 22.7, df = 2, p < 0.001

0.04

   Normal (BMI < 25)

7083

51.1

5776

51.4

1307

49.7

  

   Overweight (BMI 25-30)

5296

38.2

4322

38.5

974

37.0

  

   Obese (BMI >30)

1491

10.8

1140

10.1

351

13.3

  

Smoking

4705

33.9

3658

32.5

1047

39.7

χ2 = 49.4, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.06

Alcohol use

      

χ2 = 2.2, df = 3, p = 0.54

-

   Abstainer

1027

7.6

828

7.5

199

7.7

  

   Low consumption

4431

32.7

3577

32.5

854

33.1

  

   Average consumption

4287

31.6

3504

31.9

783

30.4

  

   High consumption

3823

28.2

3082

28.0

741

28.8

  

Physical activity

      

χ2 = 30.8, df = 2, p < 0.001

0.04

   No activity

2103

15.3

1629

14.6

474

18.2

  

   Moderate

5622

40.8

4526

40.6

1096

42.0

  

   High

6041

43.9

5002

44.8

1039

39.8

  

Anxiety

2281

16.4

1376

12.2

905

34.4

χ2 = 759.8, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.23

Depression

1186

8.5

718

6.4

468

17.8

χ2 = 353.5, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.16

Somatic symptoms

2375

17.1

1090

9.7

1285

48.8

χ2 = 2300.0, df = 1, p < 0.001

0.41

  1. * For dichotomous variables we present numbers and rates for positive cases only
  2. ** Effect sizes calculated for significant univariate associations only
  3. *** Continuous variable: presented with mean and standard deviations (SD) and test for differences with independent sample t-test.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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