Sample | Groups | IL-2 | IL-12 | TNF-α | IFN-γ | IL-6 | IL-4 | IL-10 |
---|
Basal | WC | 27 ± 8 a
| 29 ± 8 a,b
| 41 ± 12 a
| 31 ± 8 a, b
| 26 ± 5 a
| 36 ± 10 a
| 15 ± 4 a
|
| MC | 16 ± 4 b
| 22 ± 8 a,b
| 21 ± 7 b
| 20 ± 6 a
| 16 ± 3 b,c
| 19 ± 6 b,c
| 8 ± 2 b
|
5 days of re-nutrition | WC | 31 ± 9 a
| 32 ± 12 a,b
| 52 ± 14 a
| 33 ± 13 a,b
| 25 ± 7 a,b
| 34 ± 9 a,b
| 19 ± 6 a
|
| MC | 20 ± 7 a,b
| 16 ± 5 a
| 21 ± 6 b
| 20 ± 5 a
| 13 ± 6 b,c
| 18 ± 5 c
| 8 ± 2 b
|
| Milk | 47 ± 11 a
| 42 ± 12 b
| 39 ± 6 a
| 43 ± 8 b
| 19 ± 3 a,b,c
| 91 ± 19 d
| 20 ± 5 a
|
| PFM | 37 ± 10 a
| 36 ± 11 b,c
| 41 ± 8 a
| 39 ± 10 b,c
| 14 ± 3 c
| 38 ± 10 a
| 10 ± 4 a,b
|
| BFS | 34 ± 6 a
| 21 ± 5 a,c
| 17 ± 4 b
| 27 ± 6 a,c
| 24 ± 4 a
| 27 ± 9 a,b,c
| 8 ± 3 a,b
|
- Cytokine-producing cells were detected in the lamina propria of the small intestine of mice from different experimental groups (well-nourished control (WC), malnourished control (MC), and re-nourished with milk, probiotic fermented milk (PFM) or bacterial free supernatant (BFS)) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The rabbit anti-mouse TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-4 polyclonal antibodies and goat anti-mouse IL-12 antibody were used. Results are expressed as the number of positive fluorescent cells, counted in 10 fields of vision at 1000× of magnification. Values are means for n = 9 ± SD mice from each group and sample. a,b,c,dMeans for each cell population without a common letter differ significantly (P < 0.05).