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Table 5 Characteristics of participants with and without symptom-defined GERD, and their association with symptom-defined GERD.

From: A population-based survey of the epidemiology of symptom-defined gastroesophageal reflux disease: the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China

 

With symptom-defined GERDa

(n = 496)

n (%)

Without symptom-defined GERDa (n = 15 582)

n (%)

Univariate OR

(95% CI)

Multivariate ORb

(95% CI)

Environment

    

Urban

192 (38.7)

7880 (50.6)

1.00

1.00

Rural

304 (61.3)

7702 (49.4)

1.62 (1.35-1.95)

1.40 (1.13-1.72)

Sex

    

Female

282 (56.9)

8108 (52.0)

1.00

1.00

Male

214 (43.1)

7474 (48.0)

0.82 (0.69-0.99)

1.00 (0.77-1.29)

Age (years)

    

18-29

48 (9.7)

3632 (23.3)

0.49 (0.34-0.69)

0.67 (0.46-0.97)

30-39

97 (19.6)

3578 (23.0)

1.00

1.00

40-49

129 (26.0)

3683 (23.6)

1.29 (0.99-1.69)

1.11 (0.84-1.47)

50-59

113 (22.8)

2355 (15.1)

1.77 (1.34-2.33)

1.20 (0.89-1.62)

60-69

59 (11.9)

1444 (9.3)

1.51 (1.08-2.09)

0.82 (0.57-1.18)

70-80

50 (10.1)

890 (5.7)

2.07 (1.46-2.94)

0.85 (0.57-1.27)

BMI (kg/m 2 ) c

    

<18.5

44 (8.9)

1436 (9.2)

1.10 (0.79-1.53)

1.04 (0.73-1.48)

18.5-22.9

209 (42.1)

7512 (48.2)

1.00

1.00

23.0-27.4

181 (36.5)

5326 (34.2)

1.22 (1.00-1.50)

1.14 (0.92-1.41)

≥27.5

58 (11.7)

1244 (8.0)

1.68 (1.25-2.26)

1.32 (0.97-1.80)

Education

    

None/primary school

183 (36.9)

2999 (19.2)

1.00

1.00

Secondary/high school

255 (51.4)

9675 (62.1)

0.43 (0.36-0.52)

0.62 (0.49-0.79)

College graduates or beyond

58 (11.7)

2906 (18.6)

0.33 (0.24-0.44)

0.69 (0.45-1.05)

Occupation

    

Office worker

96 (19.4)

4116 (26.4)

1.00

1.00

Manual worker

400 (80.6)

11 445 (73.4)

1.50 (1.20-1.88)

0.88 (0.67-1.17)

Total monthly family income (yuan) d

    

≤1999

325 (65.5)

8490 (54.5)

1.00

1.00

2000-4999

139 (28.0)

5824 (37.4)

0.62 (0.51-0.76)

0.83 (0.67-1.04)

≥5000

31 (6.3)

1228 (7.9)

0.66 (0.45-0.96)

0.92 (0.61-1.39)

Smoking status

    

Never smoker

355 (71.6)

10 875 (69.8)

1.00

1.00

Current smoker

122 (24.6)

4309 (27.7)

0.87 (0.70-1.07)

0.80 (0.60-1.06)

Ex-smoker

19 (3.8)

395 (2.5)

1.47 (0.92-2.36)

0.95 (0.56-1.61)

Alcohol consumption e

    

No

393 (79.2)

12 420 (79.7)

1.00

1.00

Yes

103 (20.8)

3159 (20.3)

1.03 (0.83-1.28)

1.31 (1.00-1.71)

Frequency of recreational exercise

    

Daily

350 (70.6)

10 009 (64.2)

1.00

1.00

At least weekly but less than daily

45 (9.1)

2149 (13.8)

0.60 (0.44-0.82)

0.68 (0.49-0.94)

Less than weekly

33 (6.7)

1330 (8.5)

0.71 (0.49-1.02)

0.87 (0.60-1.27)

Never

65 (13.1)

2066 (13.3)

0.90 (0.69-1.18)

0.81 (0.61-1.07)

Self-reported health status

    

Very good

11 (2.2)

1759 (11.3)

1.00

1.00

Good

110 (22.2)

7471 (47.9)

2.35 (1.26-4.39)

2.33 (1.21-4.47)

Moderate

245 (49.4)

5558 (35.7)

7.05 (3.84-12.93)

6.43 (3.39-12.22)

Poor

121 (24.4)

741 (4.8)

26.11 (14.00-48.69)

20.10 (10.33-39.13)

Very poor

8 (1.6)

50 (0.3)

25.59 (9.86-66.37)

22.47 (8.34-60.52)

Family history of GI diseases

    

No

392 (79.0)

14 252 (91.5)

1.00

1.00

Yes

104 (21.0)

1323 (8.5)

2.86 (2.29-3.57)

2.59 (2.05-3.28)

  1. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GI, gastrointestinal; OR, odds ratio; RDQ, Reflux Disease Questionnaire.
  2. aDefined as mild symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation occurring on at least 2 days a week (RDQ item frequency score ≥3 for a severity score of ≥2), or moderate-to-severe symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation occurring on at least 1 day a week (RDQ item frequency score ≥2 for a severity score ≥3).
  3. bAdjusted by all variables in the table.
  4. cBMI ranges are appropriate for the Asian population (underweight: < 18.5 kg/m2; normal: 18.5-22.9 kg/m2; overweight: 23.0-27.4 kg/m2; obese: ≥27.5 kg/m2) [48].
  5. dAverage yearly income in China in 2007: 24 932 yuan (~$3300) [42].
  6. eDefined as alcohol consumed on at least four occasions per month.
  7. NOTE: all data were generated from the general information questionnaire; numbers may not add up exactly where individual participants have refused to answer specific questions.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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