Fig. 2

Succinate activates STAT3 and enhances migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines. (A-C) The effect of succinate on STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression levels were assessed by western blot assays. (D) Wound healing migration assays to observe the effect on the colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116; wound healing was photographed at 0 and 24 h. (E) Quantitative analysis of the wound-healing rate. (F) Cell migration and invasion assays were used to test the effect of succinate on the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. (Magnification, 100x). (G, H) Quantitative analysis of transwell membrane cells. (I) CCK-8 cell proliferation assays to determine the effect of succinate on the activity of colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116). ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 compared to the controls