Table 1 Baseline characteristics of MAFLD versus non-MAFLD group and the fibrosis status of MAFLD group
Characteristics | Overall | MAFLD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAFLD 47.85%a | Non-MAFLD 52.15%a | p-valueb | Fibrosis 26.38%a | Non-Fibrosis 73.62%a | p-valueb | |
Demographic variables | ||||||
 Age (y.o.) | 42.07 (0.49) | 36.25 (0.69) | < 0.001 | 43.67 (0.89) | 41.50 (0.54) | 0.036 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 107.25 (0.91) | 87.61 (0.84) | < 0.001 | 116.55 (1.27) | 103.92 (0.88) | < 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 32.67 (0.37) | 25.25 (0.30) | < 0.001 | 36.68 (0.59) | 31.24 (0.35) | < 0.001 |
 Male | 53.79 (0.02) | 44.77 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 53.55 (0.03) | 53.87 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
 Race |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic White | 52.64 (0.04) | 60.95 (0.03) |  | 53.86 (0.05) | 52.20 (0.04) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 9.75 (0.02) | 12.69 (0.02) |  | 11.80 (0.03) | 9.01 (0.02) |  |
 Mexican American | 15.97 (0.03) | 6.98 (0.02) |  | 15.05 (0.03) | 16.30 (0.04) |  |
 Asian | 7.33 (0.02) | 6.92 (0.01) |  | 5.74 (0.01) | 7.90 (0.02) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 8.79 (0.01) | 8.46 (0.01) |  | 8.78 (0.02) | 8.79 (0.01) |  |
 Other | 5.53 (0.01) | 3.99 (0.01) |  | 4.76 (0.02) | 5.80 (0.01) |  |
 Smoke | 41.31 (0.02) | 37.64 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 40.76 (0.04) | 41.51 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
 Alcohol |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 22.01 (0.02) | 16.26 (0.01) |  | 23.03 (0.04) | 21.64 (0.02) |  |
 Moderate | 36.57 (0.02) | 35.57 (0.02) |  | 35.55 (0.03) | 36.95 (0.03) |  |
 Heavy | 41.41 (0.02) | 48.17 (0.02) |  | 41.42 (0.03) | 41.41 (0.02) |  |
 Cancer | 4.68 (0.00) | 4.38 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 4.15 (0.01) | 4.87 (0.01) | 0.001 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 1.51 (0.00) | 1.07 (0.01) | 0.017 | 1.23 (0.01) | 1.62 (0.01) | 0.015 |
 Sedentary activity (h) | 5.90 (0.21) | 5.83 (0.20) | 0.605 | 6.10 (0.30) | 5.82 (0.20) | 0.268 |
Laboratory variables | ||||||
 GGT (IU/L) | 34.77 (1.14) | 23.83 (1.14) | < 0.001 | 43.46 (4.68) | 31.63 (0.98) | 0.037 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.04 (0.06) | 1.17 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 2.36 (0.14) | 1.93 (0.05) | 0.005 |
 ALP (IU/L) | 79.35 (1.07) | 70.51 (1.25) | < 0.001 | 81.95 (2.03) | 78.41 (1.28) | 0.174 |
 AST (U/L) | 23.13 (0.46) | 21.71 (0.80) | 0.188 | 27.17 (1.51) | 21.68 (0.55) | 0.008 |
 ALT (U/L) | 27.85 (0.60) | 19.99 (0.97) | < 0.001 | 34.83 (1.22) | 25.33 (0.82) | < 0.001 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 4.10 (0.02) | 4.19 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 4.05 (0.03) | 4.12 (0.02) | 0.019 |
 Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 7.41 (0.26) | 8.56 (0.21) | 0.002 | 7.83 (0.53) | 7.26 (0.26) | 0.304 |
 CRP (mg/L) | 4.58 (0.33) | 2.44 (0.23) | < 0.001 | 4.97 (0.21) | 4.44 (0.43) | 0.270 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.77 (0.06) | 5.28 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 6.23 (0.11) | 5.61 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
 Insulin (uU/mL) | 16.80 (1.12) | 7.65 (0.36) | < 0.001 | 23.40 (1.48) | 14.40 (1.03) | < 0.001 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.06 (0.05) | 4.71 (0.05) | < 0.001 | 4.99 (0.10) | 5.09 (0.05) | 0.365 |
Sarcopenia assessment | ||||||
 ALM (g) | 24,778.15 (257.09) | 20,974.58 (259.96) | < 0.001 | 26,823.07 (399.40) | 24,045.32 (369.05) | < 0.001 |
 ALM/BMI | 0.77 (0.01) | 0.84 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.75 (0.01) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.123 |