Fig. 3

Interventional therapy for gastric remnant bleeding and tubular stomach reconstruction in a 65-year-old man. a, Arteriography with microcatheter shows that the distal end of the right gastroepiploic artery contains disorganized and malformed vessels; b, After the right gastroepiploic artery embolized, arteriography with microcatheter shows arteriovenous malformation (the early draining vein, arrow) at the distal end of the right gastric artery; c A repeat angiography with an angiography catheter performed 4 days postoperatively to investigate the cause of re-bleeding indicates persistent blockage of blood flow in the right gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries due to the use of micro coils combined with gelatin sponge particles; d, Aortography with angiography catheter shows a pseudoaneurysm (arrow) at the distal end of the intercostal artery; e, A microcatheter is inserted further into the responsible intercostal artery to confirm the location of the bleeding (arrow); f, Repeat angiography following embolization using micro coils (arrow) shows blockage of blood flow; g, After 39 days postoperatively, a celiac arteriography with angiography catheter shows that the blood flow in the right gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries reopened, leading to re-bleeding; h, A super-selective arteriography of the right gastroepiploic artery, done using a microcatheter, shows signs of multiple intracranial aneurysm (arrow) in the distal portion; i, A surgical glue-lipiodol (1:2) emulsion is used to embolize the responsible vessel (arrow) until the blood flow is fully blocked