Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of all-cause early mortality in the training cohort

Age (years)

 ≤ 57

Ref

Ref

 58 ~ 75

2.173

1.436–3.333

<0.001

1.319

0.827–2.115

0.213

 ≥ 76

6.535

4.067–10.549

<0.001

2.958

1.683–5.192

<0.001

Race

 White

Ref

 Black

1.333

0.754–2.225

0.295

 Other

0.86

0.464–1.481

0.608

Gender

 Female

Ref

 Male

1.004

0.708–1.435

0.981

Histological type

 Adenocarcinoma

Ref

 Not adenocarcinoma

1.153

0.719–1.782

0.538

Grade

 Well differentiated: I

Ref

 Moderately differentiated: II

1.004

0.462–2.636

0.992

 Poorly differentiated: III

1.851

0.814–4.993

0.176

 Undifferentiated;anaplastic:IV

0.384

1.694–0.504

0.384

T Stage

 T1

Ref

Ref

 T2

0.499

0.163–1.267

0.176

0.532

0.151–1.601

0.289

 T3

0.511

0.315–0.858

0.008

0.82

0.442–1.557

0.536

 T4

0.784

0.463–1.357

0.372

0.98

0.502–1.945

0.954

N Stage

 N0

Ref

 N1

0.861

0.556–1.348

0.508

 N2

1.223

0.789–1.916

0.372

CEA level

 Positive

Ref

Ref

 Negative

0.359

0.196–0.61

<0.001

0.503

0.258–0.917

0.0326

Tumor size

 ≤ 55

Ref

Ref

 56 ~ 85

1.593

1.073–2.351

0.02

1.205

0.767–1.882

0.414

 ≥ 86

2.458

1.532–3.867

<0.001

2.556

1.46–4.421

<0.001

Surgery

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

2.149

1.521–3.041

<0.001

1.758

1.112–2.775

0.015

Chemotherapy

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

13.91

9.6–20.328

<0.001

10.112

6.616–15.613

<0.001

Radiotherapy

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

3.005

1.984–4.712

<0.001

1.772

1.083–2.973

0.026

Marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

 Unmarried

1.51

1.07–2.137

0.019

1.078

0.721–1.61

0.715

Bone metastases

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

0.329

0.19–0.603

<0.001

0.319

0.165–0.644

<0.001

Brain metastases

 Yes

Ref

 No

0.936

0.18–17.165

0.949

Liver metastases

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

0.629

0.406–0.946

0.032

0.536

0.323–0.867

0.013

Lung metastases

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

0.44

0.31–0.626

<0.001

0.488

0.320–0.745

<0.001