Table 4 Independent t-test results for intergroup comparison of research variables by research stages (n = 30)
Variables | Stage | Levene's test | Independent T-test | Confidence interval of 95% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P-Value | t | df | P-Value | Lower | Upper | |||
Emotional disorders | Depression | Pre-test | 3.95 | 0.057 | 0.16 | 28 | 0.871 | -6.15 | 7.21 |
Post-test | 3.08 | 0.09 | -1.26 | 28 | 0.216 | -6.29 | 1.49 | ||
Anxiety | Pre-test | 0.93 | 0.344 | -0.98 | 28 | 0.334 | -9.04 | 3.18 | |
Post-test | 0.09 | 0.772 | -5.08 | 28 |  < 0.001** | -12.72 | -5.41 | ||
Rumination | Pre-test | 1.91 | 0.178 | -0.43 | 28 | 0.669 | -7.65 | 4.98 | |
Post-test | 0.57 | 0.458 | -0.79 | 28 | 0.435 | -9.09 | 4.02 | ||
Life satisfaction | Pre-test | 2.66 | 0.114 | -0.86 | 28 | 0.397 | -6.98 | 2.85 | |
Post-test | 3.85 | 0.06 | -0.40 | 28 | 0.694 | -6.15 | 4.15 | ||