Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes and without diabetes

Sex, male, n (%)

72 (42.9)

12 (33.3)

0.386

Age, years

62.1 ± 15.3

51.5 ± 16.0

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

25.8 ± 4.4

23.0 ± 3.8

< 0.001

Glycated A1c, %

10.3 ± 2.3

5.8 ± 1.1

< 0.001

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

179.6 ± 72.1

110.9 ± 18.7

< 0.001

Postprandial glucose, mg/dl

276.0 ± 90.8

191.0 ± 63.6

0.304

Serum glucose before GET, mg/dl

135.5 ± 30.8

106.7 ± 10.5

< 0.001

AST,U/L

27.7 ± 17.7

21.8 ± 5.9

0.001

ALT, U/L

30.2 ± 23.5

18.4 ± 8.0

< 0.001

BUN, mg/dl

19.8 ± 12.7

14.4 ± 4.6

< 0.001

Serum Cr, mg/dl

1.0 ± 1.1

0.8 ± 0.2

0.012

GFR, ml/min/1.73m²

92.5 ± 78.2

92.6 ± 18.1

0.994

Gastric emptying time

0.011

Normal, n (%)

49 (29.2)

20 (55.6)

Delayed, n (%)

39 (23.2)

4 (11.1)

Rapid, n (%)

80 (47.6)

12 (33.3)