Fig. 2

Gastroduodenal permeability, small intestinal permeability, colonic permeability, and whole gut permeability are reported (n = 29). Gastroduodenal permeability (A) is assessed by measuring the change in sucrose recovery from various time points while small intestinal (B), colonic (C), and whole gut permeability (D) are assessed by ratios of sugar recovery from various time points. The probiotic is represented by the dashed line. The placebo is represented by the solid line. Day 7 and Day 21 represent 7 and 21 days on the probiotic or placebo, respectively. These days do not include an aspirin challenge. Day 14, indicated by the arrow, represents the aspirin challenge. Each participant is represented twice in each figure (i.e., probiotic and placebo arms). *p < 0.05 vs all other time points