Table 1 Sociodemographic Variables, Disease Factors, and Mean Questionnaire Scores for Total Sample (N = 523) and Subsample with Complete Data (n = 317)
Measure | Total (N = 523) | Subsample (n = 317) |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic Variables and Disease Factors | ||
Age, M (SD) | 40.26 (14.94) | 40.99 (15.13) |
Female | 88.0% | 87.7% |
Race/Ethnicity | Â | Â |
 White | 93.5% | 92.1% |
 Hispanic/Latinx | 3.1% | 3.5% |
 American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1.9% | 2.5% |
 Black | 0.6% | 1.0% |
 Asian | 0.4% | 0.3% |
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.2% | 0.0% |
 Other | 0.4% | 0.6% |
Household Income†|  |  |
 Less than $50,000 | -- | 17.0% |
 $50,000-$100,000 | -- | 26.5% |
 $100,000-$200,000 | -- | 21.5% |
 $200,000 or more | -- | 6.7% |
 Missing data |  | 28.1% |
Education‡ |  |  |
 High School Diploma | -- | 3.8% |
 Vocational, Trade, or Associate’s degree | -- | 12.3% |
 Bachelor’s degree or some college | -- | 47.7% |
 Professional, Master’s, or Doctorate degree | -- | 23.0% |
 Missing data | -- | 12.3% |
Age at diagnosis, M (SD) | 34.19 (15.19) | 35.02 (15.06) |
Years since diagnosis, M (SD) | 6.00 (8.01) | 5.91 (7.47) |
Diagnostic method | Â | Â |
 Biopsy (small bowel/intestine) | 81.0% | 83.0% |
 Serology/blood test | 17.3% | 14.2% |
 Other | 1.7% | 1.5% |
Diagnostic reason | Â | Â |
 Symptomatic | 75.0% | 76.7% |
 Other | 25.0% | 23.3% |
Co-occurring Conditions | Â | Â |
Lifetime diagnosis of any mental health condition | 53.2% | 52.5% |
Lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorder | 35.4% | 35.0% |
Lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder | 40.2% | 40.4% |
Bone or joint pain (current) | -- | 52.1% |
Weight gain or loss (current) | -- | 42.0% |
Fibromyalgia or muscle pain (current) | -- | 31.2% |
Peripheral neuropathy (current) | -- | 30.9% |
Irritable bowel syndrome (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 29.7% |
 Irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed prior to CeD |  | 23.3% |
 Irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed after CeD |  | 8.2% |
Alopecia/Hair loss (current) | -- | 28.4% |
Lactose intolerance (current) | -- | 27.8% |
Thyroid disease (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 24.9% |
Dermatitis herpetiformis (current) | -- | 24.0% |
Arthritis (excluding Rheumatoid arthritis) (current) | -- | 23.0% |
Menstrual irregularities (women only) (current) | -- | 21.9% |
Eczema (current) | -- | 21.1% |
Osteopenia or osteoporosis (current) | -- | 14.2% |
Psoriasis (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 8.8% |
Rheumatoid arthritis (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 7.3% |
Ulcerative Colitis (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 2.8% |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 1.6% |
Crohn’s disease (diagnosed at any time) | -- | 0.9% |
Measures | M (SD) | M (SD) |
CSI total | 39.66 (9.89) | 39.79 (9.89) |
CDAT total | 13.34 (3.69) | 13.32 (3.58) |
PROMIS-29 Anxiety | -- | 51.97 (9.51) |
PROMIS-29 Depression | -- | 54.42 (9.66) |
PROMIS-29 Pain Interference | -- | 52.51 (9.33) |
PROMIS-29 Physical Function | -- | 49.20 (8.23) |
PROMIS-29 Social Roles/Activities | -- | 49.77 (9.56) |
PROMIS-29 Fatigue | -- | 57.79 (11.39) |
PROMIS-29 Sleep Disturbance | -- | 52.91 (8.28) |
SF-36 Physical Functioning | -- | 81.37 (22.48) |
SF-36 Role Limitations – Physical health | -- | 55.54 (42.83) |
SF-36 Role Limitations – Emotional problems | -- | 56.15 (42.61) |
SF-36 Energy/Fatigue | -- | 38.79 (23.99) |
SF-36 Emotional Wellbeing | -- | 63.92 (19.80) |
SF-36 Social Functioning | -- | 70.82 (26.01) |
SF-36 Bodily Pain | -- | 61.14 (24.95) |
SF-36 General Health | -- | 51.07 (23.82) |
CD-QOL Total | 63.07 (16.17)§ | 62.39 (16.15) |
CD-QOL Limitations | 29.77 (8.27)§ | 29.71 (8.27) |
CD-QOL Dysphoria | 9.45 (4.09)§ | 9.25 (4.03) |
CD-QOL Health Concerns | 17.10 (4.82)§ | 16.77 (4.87) |
CD-QOL Inadequate Treatment | 6.75 (2.11)§ | 6.66 (2.05) |