| Mild | Moderate | Severe |
---|---|---|---|
Bleeding | Clinical evidence of bleeding (ie, not just endoscopic); Hb level drop <3 g; no need for transfusion. | Transfusion: ≤4 units; no angiographic intervention or surgery. | Transfusion: ≥5 units or intervention (angiographic or surgical). |
Perforation | Possible, or only very slight leak of fluid or contrast dye; treatable by fluids and suction for ≤3 days. | Any definite perforation treated medically for 4–10 days. | Medical treatment for more than 10 days or intervention (percutaneous or surgical). |
Pancreatitis | Clinical pancreatitis; amylase at least 3 times normal at more than 24 hours after the procedure requiring admission or prolongation of planned admission to 2–3 days. | Pancreatitis requiring hospitalization of 4–10 days. | Pancreatitis requiring hospitalization for more than 10 days, or hemorrhagic pancreatitis, phlegmon or pseudocyst, or intervention (percutaneous drainage or surgery). |
Infection (cholangitis) | >38°C at 24–48 hours. | Febrile or septic illness requiring >3 days of hospital treatment or endoscopic or percutaneous intervention | Septic shock or surgery. |