Table 2 Demographic and ECG data in patients with liver cirrhosis at pre-transplant evaluation (with an available ECG) and healthy controls
Cirrhotic patients (n = 186) | Controls (n = 92) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 52 (11) | 51 (11) | 0.4 |
Male sex | 134 (71.5%) | 61 (62%) | 0.104 |
Current or past smoker 1 | 92/173 (53%) | 30/59 (51%) | 0.699 |
Arterial blood pressure | |||
Systolic (mmHg) | 119 (17.5) | 126 (19.5) | 0.004 |
Diastolic (mmHg) | 68 (11) | 77 (11.5) | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.7 (3.5) | 5.0 (0.8) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 25.4 (4.5) | 25.5 (3.5) | 0.88 |
QTc time (sec) 2 | 0.429 (0.032) | 0.406 (0.037) | <0.001 |
Prolonged QT interval | 57 (31.5%) | 8 (8%) | <0.001 |
Q wave | 23 (12%) | 1 (1%) | 0.001 |
Abnormal QRS axis devation | 39 (21%) | 10 (10%) | 0.022 |
Left axis deviation (−30° - -90°) | 33 (18%) | 7 (7%) | 0.015 |
Right axis deviation (+120° - -150°) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.304 |
Indeterminate axis QRS axis approximately +90° from the frontal plane | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (2%) | 0.237 |
High R waves | 17 (9%) | 5 (5%) | 0.226 |
ST segment depression | 10 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.019 |
Pathologic T wave | 19 (10%) | 4 (4%) | 0.072 |
AV conduction defect | 13 (7%) | 3 (3%) | 0.172 |
AV- Block 1 | 10 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 0.375 |
Short PR interval | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.303 |
High grade AV block | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.467 |
Ventricular conduction defect | 18 (10%) | 10 (10%) | 0.887 |
Right bundle branch block | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.304 |
Incomplete right bundle branch block | 6 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0.257 |
Intraventricular block | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.468 |
R-R’ pattern in either of leads V1, V2 with R’ amplitude ≥ R | 3 (1.5%) | 7 (7%) | 0.016 |
Incomplete left bundle branch block or RR’ | 6 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.571 |
Arrhythmia | 13 (7%) | 8 (8%) | 0.719 |
Presence of frequent atrial or junctional premature beats (≥10% of recorded complexes) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.467 |
Atrial flutter or fibrillation | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.144 |
Sinus tachycardia (heart rate > 100/min) | 3 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.206 |
Sinus Bradycardia (heart rate < 50/min) | 4 (2%) | 8 (8%) | 0.017 |
Other arrhythmias | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.467 |
Any miscellaneous criteria | 61 (33%) | 71 (72%) | <0.001 |
QRS transition zone to the right of lead V3 | 16 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.003 |
QRS transition zone to the left of lead V3 | 43 (23%) | 71 (72%) | <0.001 |
ECG feature compatible with CAD 3 | 40 (17%) | 5 (5%) | <0.001 |