Figure 4

Analysis of mRNA levels for caspase-3, Cyt C, calmodulin and iNOS, in primary hepatocytes. Real-time PCR analyses were performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and Cyt C (A), calmodulin, iNOS (B) in liver cells following treatment with NH₄Cl for 12, 24 and 48 h. The data were obtained from three independent experiments. For all experiments, each value indicates the mean ± SEM normalized by the control for each time point and concentration. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.