Table 1 Distributions of demographic characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and control subjects by study location
Non-Asians in Los Angeles, California | Chinese in southern Guangxi, China | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | HCC patients (n = 117) | Control subjects (n = 225) | HCC patients (n = 250) | Control subjects (n = 245) |
Age (years) | 60.4 | 59.3 | 49.3 | 49.5 |
2-sided P | 0.37 | 0.87 | ||
Sex (%) | ||||
Males | 80 (68.4) | 136 (60.4) | 220 (88.0) | 216 (88.2) |
Females | 37 (31.6) | 89 (39.6) | 30 (12.0) | 29 (11.8) |
2-sided P | 0.15 | 0.96 | ||
Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||
Non-Hispanic white Americans | 69 (59.0) | 179 (79.6) | … | … |
Hispanic Americans | 39 (33.3) | 34 (15.1) | … | … |
African Americans | 9 (7.7) | 12 (5.3) | … | … |
Chinese – Han ethnicity | … | … | 198 (79.2) | 196 (80.0) |
Chinese – Zhuang/Yao ethnicity | … | … | 52 (20.8) | 49 (20.0) |
2-sided P | 0.0002 | 0.83 | ||
Level of education (%) | ||||
Below high school | 22 (18.8) | 17 (7.6) | 115 (46.0) | 102 (41.6) |
High School graduates | 32 (27.3) | 51 (22.7) | 79 (31.6) | 87 (35.5) |
Some college/occupational school | 40 (34.2) | 75 (33.3) | 39 (15.6) | 33 (13.5) |
College graduates or above | 23 (19.7) | 82 (36.4) | 17 (6.8) | 23 (9.4) |
2-sided P | 0.001 | 0.47 | ||
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Non- or long ex-smokers | 70 (59.8) | 162 (72.0) | 141 (56.4) | 161 (65.7) |
Current or recent ex-smokers | 47 (40.2) | 63 (28.0) | 109 (43.6) | 84 (34.3) |
<20 cigarettes/day | 14 (12.0) | 26 (11.6) | 33 (13.2) | 28 (11.4) |
≥20 cigarettes/day | 33 (28.2) | 37 (16.4) | 76 (30.4) | 56 (22.9) |
2-sided | 0.03 | 0.09 | ||
No. alcoholic drinks/day | ||||
Nondrinkers | 35 (29.9) | 74 (32.9) | 158 (63.2) | 205 (83.7) |
<3 | 28 (23.9) | 110 (48.9) | 60 (24.0) | 31 (12.7) |
≥3 | 54 (46.2) | 41 (18.2) | 32 (12.8) | 9 (3.7) |
2-sided P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
Hepatitis B serology | ||||
Negative | 84 (71.8) | 198 (88.0) | 45 (18.0) | 212 (86.5) |
Anti-HBc positive only | 30 (25.6) | 27 (12.0) | … | … |
HBsAg positive | 3 (2.6) | 0 | 205 (82.0) | 33 (13.5) |
2-sided P | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | ||
Hepatitis C serology | ||||
Anti-HCV negative | 59 (50.4) | 224 (99.6) | 241 (96.4) | 242 (98.8) |
Anti-HCV positive | 58 (49.6) | 1 (0.4) | 9 (3.6) | 3 (1.2) |
2-sided P | <0.0001 | 0.09 | ||
Hepatitis B/C serology | ||||
Both negative | 54 (46.2) | 198 (88.0) | 45 (18.0) | 210 (85.7) |
Either positive† | 63 (53.9) | 27 (12.0) | 205 (82.0) | 35 (14.3) |
2-sided P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||