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Hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders

This section concerns all clinical and basic science aspects of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders including but not limited to: prevention, diagnosis and management, as well as related molecular genetics and pathophysiology.


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  1. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is associated with the outcome of pancreatic disease. However, there is no method for assessing PEI that can be used noninvasively and easily for outpatient. It has been...

    Authors: Kota Uetsuki, Hiroki Kawashima, Eizaburo Ohno, Takuya Ishikawa, Tadashi Iida, Kenta Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Masanao Nakamura, Takashi Honda, Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka and Mitsuhiro Fujishiro

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:211

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas with pseudocysts, especially diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), is extremely rare.

    Authors: Xia Qiu, Yajie Meng, Meiqin Lu, Chuan Tian, Min Wang and Junwen Zhang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:208

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a complex group of tumours that occur in many organs. Routinely used IHC markers for NEN diagnosis include CgA, synaptophysin, Ki67 and CD56. These have limitations includin...

    Authors: Abhirami Venugopal, Jessie Gillick-Walker, Agnes Michalczyk, Mustafa Khasraw and M. Leigh Ackland

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:194

    Content type: Case report

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  4. Approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop metastases most commonly in the liver. Liver transplantation (LT) can be used in certain cases of primary liver malignancy or in metastatic di...

    Authors: Mahmoud Tabbal, Abdullah Mahmoud Alkhalifa, Abdullah Saleh AlQattan, Mohammed AlJawad, Mansour Ahmed Tawfeeq and Mohammed Saad Al Qahtani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:191

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Portal hepatic schwannoma is a rare benign tumor and difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of its rarity and imaging manifestations that mimic malignancy. We present a case of portal hepatic schwannoma ...

    Authors: Maki Amano, Yasuo Amano, Ryo Takagi, Xiaoyan Tang, Yuko Omori and Masahiro Okada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:183

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 20–30% of the general adult population. NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at an increased risk of advanced fibrosis, which puts them at r...

    Authors: Patrik Nasr, Fredrik Iredahl, Nils Dahlström, Karin Rådholm, Pontus Henriksson, Gunnar Cedersund, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Tino Ebbers, Joakim Alfredsson, Carl-Johan Carlhäll, Peter Lundberg, Stergios Kechagias and Mattias Ekstedt

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:180

    Content type: Study protocol

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  8. Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have s...

    Authors: Kun Li, Hongling Yin, Yi Duan, Peizhen Lai, Yancheng Cai and Youzhen Wei

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Predicting imminent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhotic patients is an unmet medical need. We aimed to investigate circulatory biomarkers and their optimum combinations in a prospective study.

    Authors: Kung-Hao Liang, Ming-Wei Lai, Yang-Hsiang Lin, Yu-De Chu, Chih-Lang Lin, Wey-Ran Lin, Ya-Hui Huang, Tong-Hung Wang, Rong-Nan Chien, Tsung-Hui Hu and Chau-Ting Yeh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

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  10. There is a lack of studies regarding the optimal timing for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with cholangitis caused by distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). This study a...

    Authors: Namyoung Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Min Su You, Joo Seong Kim, Gunn Huh, Jung Won Chun, In Rae Cho, Woo Hyun Paik, Ji Kon Ryu and Yong-Tae Kim

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Hydatid cysts are parasitic zoonoses that often occur in the liver. Pancreatic hydatid cysts are very rare and are usually misdiagnosed as pancreatic cystadenomas. At present, surgical resection combined with ...

    Authors: Yilei Wu, Jun Gong, Wei Xiong, Xiaojiong Yu and Xiangyu Lu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:164

    Content type: Case report

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  12. Deficiency of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP7B1, is associated with fatal infantile progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Most reported patients with CYP7B1 muta...

    Authors: Yun-Ping Tang, Jing-Yu Gong, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Wujuan Zhang, Jing Zhao and Jian-She Wang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:163

    Content type: Case report

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  13. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas is a new disease concept defined by the World Health Organization in 2010. ITPN progresses with tubulopapillary growth in the pancreatic duct and is ...

    Authors: Atsushi Yamaguchi, Takuro Hamada, Kaoru Wada, Riho Moriuchi, Kanae Tao, Hirona Konishi, Yuzuru Tamaru, Ryusaku Kusunoki, Toshio Kuwai, Hirotaka Kouno, Kohei Ishiyama, Naoto Hadano, Takeshi Sudo, Naoyuki Toyota, Junichi Zaitsu, Kazuya Kuraoka…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:162

    Content type: Case report

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  14. Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Short-term survival has improved due to improved surgical techniques and greater efficacy of immunosuppressive dr...

    Authors: Magda Teresa Thomsen, Julie Høgh, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, Anne Marie Reimer Jensen, Marco Gelpi, Gerda E. Villadsen, Rozeta Abazi, Peter Holland-Fischer, Lars Køber, Otto Clemmesen, Paul Suno Krohn, Jens Hillingsø, Tina Vilsbøll, Tor Biering-Sørensen, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:145

    Content type: Study protocol

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  15. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk irrespective of conventional risk factors. The role of gut-liver interaction is implicated in its development. We inve...

    Authors: Pui Lin Chong, David Laight, Richard J. Aspinall, Antony Higginson and Michael H. Cummings

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:144

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH) has gradually become a routine surgical procedure. However, how to expose the whole hepatic vein and avoid the hepatic vein laceration is still a challenge because of th...

    Authors: Shaohe Wang, Yang Yue, Wenjie Zhang, Qiaoyu Liu, Beicheng Sun, Xitai Sun and Decai Yu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:138

    Content type: Technical advance

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  17. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, primarily due to failed early detection. HCC screening is recommended among individuals with cirrhosis using biannual ab...

    Authors: Jörn Lewin, Denise Kottwitz, Johanna Aoyama, Theo deVos, Jorge Garces, Oliver Hasinger, Stefanie Kasielke, Florian Knaust, Preeti Rathi, Sebastian Rausch, Gunter Weiss, Alexander Zipprich, Edward Mena and Tse-Ling Fong

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:136

    Content type: Research article

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  19. This study was performed to understand the prevalence of and possible risk factors for cholecystolithiasis in Uyghur, Kazakh, Han, and other ethnic groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region of China.

    Authors: Fujun Lv, Guangjun Wang, Dandan Ding, Caifu Shen, Jiangwei Liu, Feng Ji and Yan Kang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:125

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a potential surrogate marker for intra-hepatic covalently-closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to study the profiles of serum HBcrAg in ...

    Authors: Lung-Yi Mak, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Ka-Shing Cheung, Wai-Kay Seto, James Fung and Man-Fung Yuen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:123

    Content type: Research article

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  21. There is increased interest in the therapeutic use of statins in cirrhosis, but preferred statin and safety outcomes are still not well known. In this systematic review we aimed to address pharmacokinetics (PK...

    Authors: Shuen Sung, Mustafa Al-Karaghouli, Sylvia Kalainy, Lourdes Cabrera Garcia and Juan G. Abraldes

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:120

    Content type: Research article

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  22. The diagnosis of pediatric pancreatitis has been increasing over the last 20 years. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics for pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) with adult AP, and investigate the ris...

    Authors: Rui Zhong, Shali Tan, Yan Peng, Huan Xu, Xin Jiang, Yongfeng Yan, Muhan Lv, Li Liu and Xiaowei Tang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:116

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the curative treatment for symptomatic Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) patients and is associated with excellent survival rates. The aim of the study is to review the Ontario...

    Authors: Mohammed Alsager, Shuet Fong Neong, Radhika Gandhi, Anouar Teriaky, Ephraim Tang, Anton Skaro, Karim Qumosani, Les Lilly, Zita Galvin, Nazia Selzner, Mamatha Pallavi Bhat, Klajdi Puka and Mayur Brahmania

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:115

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a heterogenous group of inherited iron-overload conditions that is characterized by increased intestinal absorption and deposition in vital organs. Hepcidin is a soluble regulator...

    Authors: Sohji Nishina, Yasuyuki Tomiyama, Katsuya Ikuta, Yasuaki Tatsumi, Yasumichi Toki, Ayako Kato, Koichi Kato, Naoko Yoshioka, Kyo Sasaki, Yuichi Hara and Keisuke Hino

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:111

    Content type: Case report

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  25. The gastrointestinal tract is sa well-known site for extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with the stomach is known to be the most common site on lymphoma, primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). The lymphoproliferative ...

    Authors: Moiz Ahmed, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Umer Syed, Tasur Seen and Aaron Walfish

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:104

    Content type: Case report

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  26. We investigated the utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in biliary cannulation in comparison with the conventional pancreatic guidewire (PGW) method.

    Authors: Shuhei Shintani, Osamu Inatomi, Yoshiya Takeda, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Takehide Fujimoto, Yoshihisa Tsuji, Hiromu Kutsumi and Akira Andoh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:102

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Liver metastasis is an important prognostic factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs), but the relationship between the clinical features of patients with pNEN and liver metastasis remains undeter...

    Authors: Maoen Pan, Yuanyuan Yang, Tianhong Teng, Fengchun Lu, Yanchan Chen and Heguang Huang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:101

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Several molecular prediction models based on the clinical parameters had been constructed to predict and diagnosis the risk of NAFLD, but the accuracy of these molecular prediction models remains need to be ve...

    Authors: Qing Zhang, Yueli Zhu, Wanjiang Yu, Zhipeng Xu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Shousheng Liu, Yongning Xin and Kuirong Lv

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:88

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is a complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the neck and body of the pancreas often manifesting as persistent pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) or extern...

    Authors: Eric Chong, Chathura Bathiya Ratnayake, Samantha Saikia, Manu Nayar, Kofi Oppong, Jeremy J. French, John A. Windsor and Sanjay Pandanaboyana

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:87

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Hepatic cavernous hemangioma is the most common type of benign liver tumor. Although ruptures and hemorrhages of hepatic hemangioma are rare complications, they are associated with high mortality. Most practit...

    Authors: Yong-Guang Yang, Wei-Feng Chen, Wei-Heng Mai, Xiao-Fang Li, Hong-Lian Zhou, Li-Juan Liu and Ming-Yi Li

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:84

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  32. Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the predominant pathological type of liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75–85 % of all liver cancers. Li...

    Authors: Wenjie Wang, Chen Zhang, Qihong Yu, Xichuan Zheng, Chuanzheng Yin, Xueke Yan, Gang Liu and Zifang Song

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:68

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Amyloid deposition in pancreas is rare. Lactoferrin amyloid deposition has not been reported in pancreas, till date. Presence of enhancing mural nodule in a cyst on imaging is a worrisome feature for malignanc...

    Authors: Katherine A. Baugh, Svetang Desai, George Van Buren 2nd, William E. Fisher, Carlos A. Farinas and Sadhna Dhingra

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:66

    Content type: Case report

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  34. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease that has a poor prognosis and a total 5-year survival rate of around 5%. The poor prognosis of PC is due in part to a lack of suitable biomarkers that can allow ...

    Authors: Jiang Chen, Hongyu Li, Wenda Xu and Xiaozhong Guo

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:58

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Pathological angiogenesis is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the level of angiogenic factor angiopoietin (ANGP)-2 is reported to be increase...

    Authors: Yosuke Osawa, Sachiyo Yoshio, Yoshihiko Aoki, Masaaki Korenaga, Masatoshi Imamura, Takashi Oide, Miku Okawara, Hironari Kawai, Yuriko Tsutsui, Yuichi Yoshida, Shiori Yoshikawa, Taizo Mori, Taiji Yamazoe and Tatsuya Kanto

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:55

    Content type: Research article

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  36. To compare oncological results and safety profile of balloon micro-catheter trans-arterial chemoembolization (b-TACE) and drug-eluting-microsphere (DEM-TACE) in patients with hepatocellular-carcinoma (HCC).

    Authors: Pierleone Lucatelli, Gianluca De Rubeis, Bianca Rocco, Fabrizio Basilico, Alessandro Cannavale, Aurelio Abbatecola, Pier Giorgio Nardis, Mario Corona, Stefania Brozetti, Carlo Catalano and Mario Bezzi

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:51

    Content type: Research article

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  38. This study evaluates preliminary results of image-guided percutaneous direct pancreatic duct intervention in the management of pancreatic fistula after surgery or pancreatitis when initially ineligible for sur...

    Authors: Xi Li, Ricardo Paz-Fumagalli, Weiping Wang, Beau B. Toskich, John A. Stauffer, Gregory T. Frey, J. Mark McKinney and Justin H. Nguyen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:44

    Content type: Research article

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  39. A series of evidence revealed that body mass index was an important confounding factor in the research of uric acid and ischemic heart disease/hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate wheth...

    Authors: Mimi Zhou, Nan Yang, Xin Xing, Danyan Chang, Juan Li, Jiang Deng, Yi Chen, Chunhua Hu, Rou Zhang, Xiaolan Lu, Yingren Zhao and Yingli He

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:43

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that plays an important role in the prevention or delaying of the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have focused on NAFLD and individual...

    Authors: Ammar Salehi-sahlabadi, Samaneh Sadat, Sara Beigrezaei, Makan Pourmasomi, Awat Feizi, Reza Ghiasvand, Amir Hadi, Cain C. T. Clark and Maryam Miraghajani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:41

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Thrombocytopenia can rapidly improve in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). The role of baseline (BL) thrombopoietin (TPO) in this phenomenon is unclear.

    Authors: Yen-Chun Chen, Ping-Hung Ko, Chi-Che Lee, Chih-Wei Tseng and Kuo-Chih Tseng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:30

    Content type: Research article

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  43. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) associated with consumption of Gynura segetum (GS).

    Authors: Lijie Zhang, Qing Li, Joyman Makamure, Dan Zhao, Ziyi Liu, Chuansheng Zheng and Bin Liang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:26

    Content type: Research article

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  44. An intravascular ultrasound catheter (IVUSc) was developed for intracardiac ultrasound to assess interventions with compelling results. However, intrahepatic vascular exploration was rarely tested and was alwa...

    Authors: Takeshi Urade, Juan Manuel Verde, Alain García Vázquez, Konstanze Gunzert, Patrick Pessaux, Jacques Marescaux and Mariano Eduardo Giménez

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:24

    Content type: Research article

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  45. The histological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) by an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided approach is still challenging.

    Authors: Koichiro Tsutsumi, Toru Ueki, Yasuhiro Noma, Kunihiro Omonishi, Kyotaro Ohno, Soichiro Kawahara, Takashi Oda, Hironari Kato and Hiroyuki Okada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:21

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an infrequent type of primary liver cancer that comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). This study investigat...

    Authors: Chih-Wen Lin, Tsung-Chin Wu, Hung-Yu Lin, Chao-Ming Hung, Pei-Min Hsieh, Jen-Hao Yeh, Pojen Hsiao, Ya-Ling Huang, Yu-Chan Li, Ya-Chin Wang, Chih-Wen Shu and Yaw-Sen Chen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:20

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Combining upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GI) approaches allows expansion of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) indications for pelvic lesions. The upper GI approach has been...

    Authors: Naoki Mita, Takuji Iwashita, Akihiko Senju, Hironao Ichikawa, Yuhei Iwasa, Shinya Uemura, Ichiro Yasuda and Masahito Shimizu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:18

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) rarely metastasizes to the brain; therefore, the features of brain metastasis of PDAC are still unknown. We encountered simultaneous metastases to the brain and lung in ...

    Authors: Yoshito Oka, Shigetsugu Takano, Yusuke Kouchi, Katsunori Furukawa, Tsukasa Takayashiki, Satoshi Kuboki, Daisuke Suzuki, Nozomu Sakai, Shingo Kagawa, Isamu Hosokawa, Takashi Mishima, Takanori Konishi, Takashi Kishimoto and Masayuki Ohtsuka

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:9

    Content type: Case report

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  49. At present, most assessments of liver fibrosis staging mainly focus on non-invasive diagnostic methods. This study aims to construct a noninvasive model to predict liver histology for antiviral therapy in chro...

    Authors: Shanshan Chen, Haijun Huang and Wei Huang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:4

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:109

  50. The role of platelets on the prognosis of patients with liver transplantation remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of preoperative platelet count on postoperative morbidity after liver tra...

    Authors: Qingshan Li, Yue Wang, Tao Ma, Fenggang Ren, Fan Mu, Rongqian Wu, Yi Lv and Bo Wang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:1

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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