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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients receiving urgent (< 6 h) versus early (6–24 h) endoscopy

From: The influences of timing of urgent endoscopy in patients with acute variceal bleeding: a cohort study

Characteristics

Total (N = 312)

Urgent-endoscopy group

(N = 170)

Early-endoscopy group

(N = 142)

P value

Age (years)

62.98 ± 12.2

61.78 ± 13.74

64.42 ± 9.93

0.051

Male sex

195 (62.5%)

99 (58.2%)

96 (67.6%)

0.089

HCC

61 (19.6%)

29 (17.1%)

32 (22.5%)

0.225

Etiology

HBV

225 (72.1%)

125 (73.5%)

100 (70.4%)

0.542

HCV

12 (3.8%)

6 (3.5%)

6 (4.2%)

AIH

29 (9.3%)

13 (7.6%)

16 (11.3%)

Alcohor

19 (6.1%)

8 (4.7%)

11 (7.7%)

Other

12 (24%)

21 (23.9%)

18 (23.9%)

Coexisting diseases

Ischemic heart disease

53 (17%)

31 (18.2%)

22 (15.5%)

0.521

Cancer (except HCC)

35 (11.2%)

15 (8.8%)

20 (14.1%)

0.143

Diabetes mellitus

103 (33%)

49 (28.8%)

54 (38%)

0.085

High Blood Pressure

98 (31.4%)

57 (33.5%)

41 (28.9%)

0.378

COPD

25 (8%)

11 (6.5%)

14 (9.9%)

0.272

Prior upper GI bleeding

142 (45.5%)

82 (48.2%)

60 (42.3%)

0.291

Hepatic encephalopathy

24 (7.7%)

17 (10%)

7 (4.9%)

0.094

Ascites

142 (45.5%)

76 (44.7%)

66 (46.5%)

0.754

Vital signs

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

112.92 ± 17.56

112.1 ± 18.31

113.89 ± 16.63

0.370

Heart rate (beat/min)

95.32 ± 16.19

96.71 ± 16.37

93.67 ± 15.88

0.099

Prognostic scores

Glasgow-Blatchford score

11.22 ± 3.07

11.2 ± 3.02

11.24 ± 3.13

0.91

MELD score

14.21 ± 4.99

14.04 ± 4.92

14.42 ± 5.09

0.502

CTP score

8.05 ± 1.69

8.19 ± 1.83

7.89 ± 1.48

0.11

Time to endoscopy (hours)

9.14 ± 8.70

2.57 ± 1.40

17.03 ± 7.07

 < 0.001

Risk factors

Clopidogrel use

18 (5.8%)

11 (6.5%)

7 (4.9%)

0.561

Aspirin use

51 (16.3%)

30 (17.6%)

21 (14.8%)

0.497

Beta blockers

234 (75%)

129 (75.9%)

105 (73.9%)

0.694

Laboratory

Hemoglobin

76.43 ± 21.10

76.16 ± 22.14

76.75 ± 19.85

0.807

Platelet (103/mm3)

100.21 ± 55.70

96.88 ± 58.31

104.20 ± 52.33

0.248

ALT

49.40 ± 72.47

48.21 ± 66.20

50.81 ± 79.54

0.753

Total bilirubin

38.01 ± 24.85

39.96 ± 26.83

35.68 ± 22.14

0.131

Serum albumin

28.48 ± 5.62

28.50 ± 6.60

28.45 ± 4.18

0.946

Prothromin time (INR)

1.37 ± 0.28

1.40 ± 0.29

1.34 ± 0.27

0.052

Serum creatinine

76.30 ± 70.48

73.66 ± 37.09

79.46 ± 96.37

0.5

  1. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, AIH autoimmune hepatitis, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, GI gastrointestinal, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh