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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Contrast-enhanced CT findings-based model to predict MVI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Characteristics

Training (n = 225)

Internal validation (n = 75)

External validation (n = 77)

P-value

Age in years#

58 (51–65)

59 (50–66.5)

60 (54–70)

.070

Sex

   

.833

No. of men

181 (80.4)

62 (82.7)

64 (83.1)

 

No. of women

44 (19.6)

13 (17.3)

13 (16.9)

 

Liver disease

   

.964

HBV infection

202 (89.8)

66 (88.0)

67 (87.0)

 

HCV infection

9 (4.0)

4 (5.3)

4 (5.2)

 

Other

14 (6.2)

5 (6.7)

6 (7.8)

 

Maximum diameter#

46 (28–72)

49 (34–64)

41 (26–65)

.652

Tumor margin

   

.060

Non-smooth

109 (48.4)

46 (61.3)

33 (42.9)

 

Smooth

116 (51.6)

29 (38.7)

44 (57.1)

 

Cirrhosis

   

.673

Cirrhosis-negative

143 (63.6)

50 (66.7)

46 (59.7)

 

Cirrhosis-positive

82 (36.4)

25 (33.3)

31 (40.3)

 

Arterial peritumoral enhancement

   

.091

Arterial peritumoral enhancement-negative

48 (21.3)

22 (14.7)

26 (33.8)

 

Arterial peritumoral enhancement-positive

177 (78.7)

64 (85.3)

51 (66.2)

 

Tumor number

   

.655

Solitary

175 (77.8)

62 (82.7)

60 (77.9)

 

Multiple

50 (22.2)

13 (17.3)

17 (22.1)

 

Laboratory findings#

AST (IU/mL)

31.5 (25.0–48.0)

48.4 (31.9–62.8)

26.5 (20.6–39.3)

.191

ALT (IU/mL)

31.7 (27.0–40.9)

48.1 (31.7–48.1)

28.6 (17.7–41.6)

.131

RBC (10^12/L)

4.5 (4.2–4.7)

4.5 (4.2–4.6)

4.5 (4.1–4.8)

.500

Hemoglobin (g/L)

141 (130.7–148)

142.2 (130.0–142.2)

146.0 (130.0–153.0)

.458

Platelet (10^9/L)

149.5 (116.0–174.0)

137.5 (137.5–146.6)

137.0 (102.0–177.0)

.319

TBil (µmol/L)

14.1 (11.6–16.8)

19.9 (12.0–24.6)

12.1 (10.0–16.3)

.220

DBil (µmol/L)

4.3 (3.3–5.2)

4.3 (3.2–5.2)

3.7 (2.8–4.7)

.082

Total protein (g/L)

67.2 (64.1–70.4)

62.4 (62.4–65.7)

65.7 (61.8–69.0)

.185

Albumin (g/L)

39.5 (38.0–41.1)

38.3 (38.3–39.7)

39.4 (37.5–41.3)

.210

CRP (mg/L)

4.6 (3.4–6.3)

11.4 (4.9–11.4)

4.5 (2.5–8.3)

.457

ALBI grade

   

.432

1

118 (52.4)

35 (46.7)

44 (57.1)

 

2 or 3

107 (47.6)

40 (53.3)

33 (42.9)

 

Tumor markers#

AFP (ng/mL)

239.1 (8.5–348.3)

237.9 (10.0–472.2)

6.5 (2.8–201.9)

.059

CEA (ng/mL)

1.7 (0.9–1.9)

1.7 (1.0–1.9)

1.3 (0.6–2.3)

.138

CA242 (U/mL)

5.1 (2.7–6.7)

4.9 (3.2–9.6)

4.2 (3.4–6.2)

.259

MVI

   

.197

MVI = 0

159 (70.7)

46 (61.3)

57 (74.0)

 

MVI = 1

66 (29.3)

29 (38.7)

20 (26.0)

 
  1. Except where indicated, data are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses.
  2. #Data are medians, with interquartile range in parentheses
  3. HBV Hepatitis B virus, HCV Hepatitis C virus, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine transferase, RBC Red blood cells, TBil Total bilirubin, DBil Direct bilirubin, CRP C-reactive protein, ALBI grade Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grade, AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, CEA Carcinoembryonic, CA242 Carbohydrate antigen 242, MVI Microvascular invasion
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BMC Gastroenterology

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