Table 1 Biochemistry, liver morphometrics, histology and ¹⁸F-FDGal PET and autoradiography data

Basic characteristics

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

  Body wt (g)

423 (399–436)

428 (386–444)

482 (426–551)

533 (452–620)

  ALT (U/L)

35 (30–49)

62 (39–80)**

37 (34–55)

76 (51–110)**

  Albumin (g/L)

15 (12–16)

15 (14–16)

14 (13–15)

13 (11–15)*

  Bilirubin (µmol/L)

< 2

< 2

< 2

< 2

  Coagulation factors II, VII, X (PP)

0.31 (0.27–0.34)

0.31 (0.29–0.33)

0.31 (0.29–0.32)

0.33 (0.30–0.39)

  Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.6 (1.5–2.2)

3.1 (2.6–3.6)***

1.7 (1.5–2.4)

3.5 (2.7–5.1)***

  Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.4 (0.6–2.8)

1.9 (0.7–2.6)

1.2 (0.7–1.8)

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

  Blood glucose (mmol/L)

8.2 (6.5–11.3)

7.7 (6.0–9.8)

8.8 (7.4–14.5)

8.2 (7.1–9.3)

  Insulin (ng/mL)

0.6 (0.2–1.2)

0.8 (0.4–2.7)

1.6 (0.9–2.8)

0.9 (0.2–2.5)

Liver morphometrics

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

  Liver wt (g)

15.1 (14.2–16.3)

18.7 (14.8–19.6)**

15.6 (13.7–16.5)

29.6 (20.6–34.6)***

  Liver volume (mL)

14.7 (13.9–15.4)

19.1 (14.2–20.2)

14.5 (13.4–17.2)

27.1 (21.5–31.7)*

  Liver fat fraction (% volume)

5.2 (4.9–5.3)

18.3 (15.5–21.7)***

5.1 (4.7–5.5)

31.7 (27.4–41.4)***

  Fat-corrected liver wt (g)

14.4 (13.5–15.5)

15.4 (12.8–16.0)*

14.9 (13.1–15.8)

21.1 (15.6–22.3)**

  Fat-corrected liver wt/body wt (%)

3.5 (3.1–3.8)

3.6 (3.3–3.8)

3.1 (2.8–3.2)

3.6 (3.4–4.2)***

Liver histology

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

  Steatosis^a, n_{0 / 3}

8 / 0

0 / 8***

8 / 0

0 / 8***

  Inflammation^a, n_{1 / 2}

1 / 0

3 / 0

0 / 0

6 / 0**

  Ballooning^a, n_{1 / 2}

0 / 0

0 / 0

0 / 0

2 / 1

  Fibrosis score^b, n_{1a / 1b}

0 / 0

0 / 0

0 / 0

2 / 1

  NAS score

0 (0–1)

3 (3–4)***

0

4 (3–6)***

¹⁸ F-FDGal PET-measurements

n = 4

n = 4

n = 4

n = 4

  SUV, right median lobe

11.9 (11.3–12.6)

9.8 (9.2–10.4)*

13.1 (10.8–13.7)

7.4 (6.3–9.3)*

  Fat-corrected SUV

12.6 (12.0–13.3)

12.0 (11.4–12.7)

13.8 (11.3–14.4)

11.2 (8.9–12.8)

  COV_SUV (%)

6.4 (5.3–7.8)

7.2 (6.2–8.2)

6.8 (5.0–7.2)

8.7 (7.3–9.8)*

  Total accumulated (%ID)

34 (33–35)

35 (30–37)

34 (27–37)

35 (28–40)

¹⁸ F-FDGal Autoradiography

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

n = 8

  Radioactivity concentration (%ID/mL)

1.12 (0.95–1.38)

0.91 (0.72–1.25)

1.07 (0.81–1.29)

0.62 (0.52–1.00)**

  Fat-corrected radioactivity conc. (%ID/mL)

1.19 (1.00–1.45)

1.14 (0.85–1.48)

1.13 (0.86–1.36)

0.94 (0.76–1.38)

  COV (%)

24 (22–27)

26 (24–33)

30 (17–33)

33 (24–46)*