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Table 3 Outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients with active UGIB compared to those with inactive UGIB (n = 43)

From: Risk factors of active upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with COVID-19 infection and the effectiveness of PPI prophylaxis

Variables

Total (n = 43)

Active UGIB (n = 7)

Inactive UGIB (n = 36)

p-value

Treatment

 PRC (units)

  Mean ± SD

2.3 ± 2.8

5.1 ± 4.8

1.8 ± 1.9

0.003

  Median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0,4.0)

4.0 (1.0,10.0)

1.0 (0.0,3.0)

 

  CTA with embolization, n(%)

3 (7.0)

3 (42.9)

0 (0.0)

 < 0.001

Endoscopic findings, n(%)

n = 17

n = 6

n = 11

0.328

  Gastroduodenal ulcer

11 (64.7)

5 (83.3)

6 (54.5)

 

  Gastritis

3 (17.6)

0

3 (27.3)

 

  Esophagitis

1 (5.9)

0

1 (9.1)

 

  Gastric lymphoma

1 (5.9)

1 (16.7)

0

 

  Normal (EGD, colonoscopy)

1 (5.9)

0

1 (9.1)

 

HP positive, n(%)

3/17 (17.6)

2/6 (33.3)

1/11 (9.1)

 < 0.001

Outcomes

  Expired, n(%)

17 (39.5)

2 (28.6)

15 (41.7)

0.551

  GIB-related death, n(%)

1 (2.3)

1 (14.3)

0

 < 0.001

 LOS (days)

  Mean ± SD

31.7 ± 30.6

18.4 ± 14.0

34.2 ± 32.4

0.215

  Median (IQR)

25.0 (14.0,37.0)

14.0 (6.0,33.0)

25.0 (15.0,45.0)

 
  1. UGIB upper gastrointestinal bleeding, PRC pack red cells, CTA computed tomography angiography, HP Helicobacter pylori, LOS length of stay. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, kg/m2 kilogram per square meter