Table 2 Characteristics of all COVID-19 infected patients with active UGIB (n = 7)
Patients | Age | Sex | Presentation | Comorbidities | COVID-19 date | Steroid/ Duration(day) | Anticoagulant/ Duration(day) | PPI prophylaxis | Delta Hb/ PRC(unit) | CTA/ Embolization | Endoscopy/ Finding | HP status | Management | Status/ GIH-related | LOS(day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 59 | M | Hematemesis | Gastric DLBCL | 1 | Yes/1 | No/- | No | 6.5/13 | Yes/Yes (hyperemia from a left gastric artery) | EGD/ BVV on gastric DLBCL involved hemi-circumferential upper body | Neg | Adrenaline injection, clipping, Hemospray® then gel foam embolization | Alive | 33 |
2 | 67 | F | Hematemesis | Bilateral breast cancers | 19 | Yes/13 | Yes/12 | No | 5.2/0 (BSC) | No/No | Not done | NA | NA | Expired/ yes | 2 |
3 | 60 | M | Hematemesis | Alcoholic cirrhosis, ACLF | 1 | No/- | No/- | No | 4.6/1 | No/No | EGD/ 2.5-cm NBVV antral ulcer | Neg | Adrenaline injection, bipolar coaptation | Alive | 28 |
4 | 55 | M | Hematochezia | Old CVA HT DLP | 11 | Yes/11 | No/- | No | 3.4/2 | No/No | EGD/ 1-cm NBVV antral ulcer | Pos | Bipolar coaptation then over-the-scope-clip | Alive | 9 |
5 | 71 | M | Hematemesis | DM HT DLP | 30 | Yes/5 | No/- | Yes | 6.9/10 | No/No | EGD/ 0.5-cm BVV duodenal bulb | Neg | Adrenaline injection then over-the-scope-clip* duodenal perforation required surgical wedge resection | Alive | 37 |
6 | 76 | M | Hematemesis | HBV cirrhosis decompensation | 7 | No/- | No/- | Yes | 2.5/6 | Yes/Yes (active extravasation at duodenal wall via duodenal branch GDA) | EGD/ 1-cm BVV duodenal bulb | Neg | Adrenaline injection, clipping, Glue embolization | Expired/ yes | 14 |
7 | 81 | F | Fresh blood from NG tube | IHD DM HT DLP | 42 | Yes/15 | No/- | No | 7.1/4 | Yes/Yes (no contrast extravasation, no pseudoaneurysm) | EGD/ 0.8-cm NBVV on 5-cm ulcer at duodenal bulb | Pos | Adrenaline injection, clipping then preemptive coil embolization | Alive | 6 |