Table 1 Univariate analysis of the risk factors for acute pancreatitis after PTBS
All patients | Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | (n = 314) | Non-AP (n = 273) | AP (n = 41) | Z / χ2 | p-value |
Patient characteristics, frequency (%) | |||||
Gender | 0.856 | 0.355 | |||
Male | 159 (50.6) | 141 (51.6) | 18 (43.9) | ||
Female | 155 (49.4) | 132 (48.4) | 23 (56.1) | ||
Age | 8.829 | 0.003 | |||
≥ 60 years | 196 (62.4) | 179 (65.6) | 17 (41.5) | ||
< 60 years | 118 (37.6) | 94 (34.4) | 24 (58.5) | ||
Primary tumor | 0.509 | 0.476 | |||
Pancreatic cancer | 46 (14.6) | 42 (15.4) | 4 (15.0) | ||
Non-Pancreatic cancer | 268 (85.4) | 231 (84.6) | 37 (85.0) | ||
Hypertension | 0.231 | 0.630 | |||
Yes | 112 (35.7) | 96 (35.2) | 16 (39.0) | ||
No | 202 (64.3) | 177 (64.8) | 25 (61.0) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 2.764 | 0.096 | |||
Yes | 49 (15.6) | 39 (14.3) | 10 (24.4) | ||
No | 265 (84.4) | 234 (85.7) | 31 (75.6) | ||
Cardiovascular disease | 0.652 | 0.419 | |||
Yes | 30 (9.6) | 28 (10.3) | 2 (4.9) | ||
No | 284 (90.4) | 245 (89.7) | 39 (85.1) | ||
Previous biliary drainage | 0.067 | 0.795 | |||
Yes | 132 (42.0) | 114 (41.8) | 18 (43.9) | ||
No | 182 (58.0) | 159 (58.2) | 23 (56.1) | ||
Preoperative infection | 0.994 | 0.319 | |||
Yes | 94 (29.9) | 79 (28.9) | 15 (36.6) | ||
No | 220 (70.1) | 194 (71.1) | 26 (63.4) | ||
Location of stricture | 3.542 | 0.170 | |||
Upper bile duct | 92 (29.3) | 85 (31.1) | 7 (17.1) | ||
Lower bile duct | 151 (48.1) | 127 (46.5) | 24 (58.5) | ||
Whole bile duct | 71 (22.6) | 61 (22.4) | 10 (24.4) | ||
Laboratory indices, median (IQR) | |||||
ALT (U/L) | 73.3 (42.4–124.5) | 72.9 (42.5–127.0) | 77.3 (42.7–121.8) | -0.183 | 0.855 |
AST (U/L) | 89.6 (56.4–145.9) | 87.8 (56.1–147.0) | 98.8 (63.9–159.2) | -0.602 | 0.547 |
ALP (U/L) | 420.3 (255.0–701.4) | 414.6 (270.3–684.3) | 491.0 (208.9–808.9) | -0.123 | 0.902 |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 197.5 (111.8–318.9) | 192.5 (115.6–320.9) | 203.2 (94.6–291.4) | -0.306 | 0.759 |
DBIL (μmol/L) | 152.2 (94.0–240.8) | 156.0 (94.3–245.7) | 145.5 (80.6–232.1) | -0.468 | 0.639 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 2.092 | 0.148 | |||
≥ 8 | 108 | 98 (35.9) | 10 (24.4) | ||
< 8 | 206 | 175 (64.1) | 31 (75.6) | ||
Procedure characteristics, frequency (%) | |||||
Operation time | 0.128 | 0.721 | |||
≥ 60 min | 68 (21.7) | 60 (22.0) | 8 (19.5) | ||
< 60 min | 246 (78.3) | 213 (78.0) | 33 (80.5) | ||
External drainage tube | 0.011 | 0.918 | |||
Yes | 67 (21.3) | 58 (21.2) | 9 (22.0) | ||
No | 247 (78.7) | 215 (78.8) | 32 (78.0) | ||
Iodine-125 seed strand | 1.208 | 0.272 | |||
Yes | 64 (20.4) | 53 (19.4) | 11 (26.8) | ||
No | 250 (79.6) | 220 (80.6) | 30 (73.2) | ||
Stent length | 2.890 | 0.236 | |||
6 cm | 119 (37.9) | 106 (38.8) | 13 (31.7) | ||
8 cm | 158 (50.3) | 136 (50.6) | 20 (48.8) | ||
10 cm | 37 (11.8) | 31 (10.6) | 8 (19.5) | ||
Number of stents | 1.044 | 0.307 | |||
One | 196 (62.4) | 182 (66.7) | 24 (58.5) | ||
Multiple | 118 (37.6) | 91 (33.3) | 17 (41.5) | ||
Stent placement across the papilla | 29.150 | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 131 (41.7) | 98 (35.9) | 33 (80.5) | ||
No | 183 (58.3) | 175 (64.1) | 8 (19.5) | ||
Visualization of the pancreatic duct | 64.377 | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 33 (10.5) | 14 (5.1) | 19 (46.3) | ||
No | 281 (89.5) | 259 (94.9) | 22 (53.7) | ||